A distinction is often not made between a cold (flu-like infection) and influenza in everyday language because the symptoms are similar at first glance. An Austrian study was able to show that many people are not aware of the difference between influenza and a flu-like infection. Yet the illnesses are caused by different pathogens and are also completely different in their manifestations.
Influenza (flu)
Influenza also called viral flu or influenza is caused by the influenza virus. It is distinguished between three different types of viruses, namely influenza A, B and C. The viruses have the property that they can constantly change. For this reason, the flu vaccination must be repeated every year.
In many cases, the flu is no more severe than a cold. However, especially in high-risk groups, severe courses can occur, so that the disease can even lead to death.
Common cold (flu-like infection).
In contrast, there are about 200 different types of viruses that cause a flu-like infection, such as rhino, adeno or coronaviruses. This also explains why you can always get new colds during a year. A protective vaccination against the flu infection is not possible because of the large number of viruses.
The viruses are mostly transmitted by droplet infection when talking, sneezing or coughing. In this process, the viruses of an infected person are swirled through the air and absorbed by healthy persons through the respiratory tract. The mucous membranes of the nose and throat swell and produce increased secretions. The body’s defense system is activated and the typical general complaints such as fatigue and fever occur. If the immune system is already weakened, the spread of the viruses is additionally favored.
On the next page you will learn which symptoms you can distinguish between flu and an influenza infection.
