Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99).
- Foot deformities, e.g., flat foot (pes planus), high arch (pes cavus, pes excavatus).
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Burning-feet syndrome (synonyms: burning-feet syndrome, Gopalan syndrome, Grierson-Gopalan syndrome); symptomatology: Painful burning sensation in the feet (in nocturnal attacks), often associated with paresthesias (numbness); etiology (cause) is unknown, hypovitaminosis (pantothenic acid, aneuric acid (vitamin B1) or nicotinic acid deficiency) or magnesium deficiency is suspected?
- Hyperuricemia (uric acid metabolism disorder).
Skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00-L99)
- Ingrown toenail (unguis incarnatus also onychocryptosis), possibly infected.
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Erythromelalgia (EM; erythro = red, melos = limb, algos = pain) – acral circulatory disorder characterized by seizure-like redness and overheating of the skin on the extremities (hands/feet) associated with burning pain; vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) provokes the overheating of the skin and painful redness here; disease is very rare
- Ischemia (reduced blood flow) of the lower extremity (peripheral circulatory disorders).
- Phlebitis (superficial phlebitis) [heel pain].
- Thrombosis – complete or partial occlusion of a vessel by a thrombus (blood clot) [heel pain].
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Warts
- Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99)
- Achilles tendinopathy (Achilles tendinosis; achillary insertion tendinopathy; Achilles tendinopathy) [heel pain].
- Apophysitis calcanei – disease of the growth plate of the calcaneus (calcaneal apophysis); symptomatology: pressure pain and swelling in the area of the growth plate of the calcaneus; disease peak 5-12 years of age; boys are more often affected than girls [heel pain].
- Arthritis (joint inflammation)
- Osteoarthritis, subtalar (arthritis of the lower ankle) [heel pain].
- Bunion inflammation
- Bursitis calcarea (bursitis) [heel pain].
- Bursa tendinis calcanei: localized between the calcaneus and Achilles tendon.
- Subcutaneous bursa praeachillea: localized between the Achilles tendon and the skin.
- Entrapment of the flexor hallucis longus(FHL) tendon (compression syndrome).
- Fasciitis plantaris (plantar fasciitis; plantar fasciitis) – inflammation of the fascial tissue of the sole of the foot (see below heel spur) [heel pain].
- Gout (arthritis urica / uric acid-related joint inflammation or tophic gout): classic gout manifestation on the foot: podagra, ie arthrtis urica of the metatarsophalangeal joint [heel pain].
- Heel pad pain: the heel pad is located directly under the os calcaneus (calcaneus) [heel pain].
- Heel spur (calcaneal spur, calcaneal spur; plantar and dorsal calcaneal spur) – thorn-like exostosis (bone outgrowth, oriented toward the toes) of the calcaneus (heel bone) [heel pain]
- Haglund deformity (Haglund heel) – bony form variant of the calcaneus with accentuated prominence of the proximal tuber calcanei (calcaneal tuberosity); painful swelling [heel pain].
- Hallux rigidus (synonyms: Osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint; metatarsophalangeal joint stiffness; hallux non extensus; hallux flexus; hallux limitus; wear and tear of the metatarsophalangeal joint); arthritic changes in the metatarsophalangeal joint that has become stiff.
- Hallux valgus (deformity of the big toe: bunion big toe).
- Köhler’s disease
- Köhler’s disease I – rare, (partial) aseptic bone necrosis of the os naviculare pedis (navicular bone); mainly in boys aged 3 to 8 years.
- Köhler’s disease II is an aseptic bone necrosis in the head of the ossa metatarsalia II-IV (metatarsus); more common in young girls
- Metatarsalgia (metatarsal pain; see below).
- Osteomyelitis (bone marrow inflammation)
- Reactive arthritis (Reiter’s disease) – special form of “reactive arthritis“. It is a secondary disease after gastrointestinal or urogenital infections, characterized by the symptomatology of Reiter’s triad. [Heel Pain]
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Sesamoiditis (inflammation of the sesamoid bone).
- Tarsal coalescence: deformity caused by anomalous coalescence of two or more ossa tarsalia (tarsals).
- Tendinosis of the tibialis posterior tendon (degenerative changes in the tendon and tendon insertions).
- Changes in the Achilles tendon such as irritation of the tendon/tendon insertion or bursitis (bursitis) [heel pain].
Neoplasms (C00-D48)
- Benign soft-tissue tumors (lipomas; fibromas; myomas; osteochondromatosis; neurogenic tumors; vascular tumors; ganglions, bursae, and cysts)
- Chondrosarcoma (5% of all chondrosarcomas involve the foot) [older adulthood/> 60 years of age].
- Ewing’s sarcoma (very rare) (3% of all Ewing’s sarcomas involve the foot) [in children].
- Neurinoma/schwannoma (slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nervous system arising from Schwann cells) [heel pain].
- Pedal or acral metastases (extremely rare) usually an expression of generalized metastasis or CUP (English “cancer of unknown primary”); primary tumors: mostly bronchial, breast, renal, urinary bladder or colon carcinomas (lung, breast, renal, urinary bladder and colon cancer)
- Synovial sarcoma (5-10% of all soft tissue tumors of the foot; approximately 50% of all pedal sarcomas).
- Tumor diseases of the calcaneus [heel pain].
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Baxter neuropathy – compression syndrome of the inferior calcaneal nerve at the heel, which can lead to chronic painful nerve damage; this form of neuropathy (peripheral nervous system disease) is responsible for approximately 5-20% of nerve pain; DD entrapment of the medial plantar nerve (“jogger’s nerve”) [heel pain].
- Sciatica (sciatic pain).
- Morton’s neuralgia (synonyms: Morton’s metatarsalgia, Morton’s syndrome, or Morton’s neuroma) – nerve compression syndrome of the interdigital nerves (nerve branches of the medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve that run between the metatarsals) due to displacement of the nerve-vascular bundle (esp. In the interdigital space D3/4), usually with accompanying bursitis (bursitis); leads to irritation of the nerves of the sole of the foot, which causes seizure-like pain in the area of the metatarsal bones.
- Neuropathic arthropathy (synonyms: Charcot arthropathy, neurogenic arthropathy); destructive joint damage that occurs on the basis of disturbed pain perception and postural regulation (including by diabetes mellitus).
- Tarsal tunnel syndrome – compression syndrome (bottleneck syndrome) in the course of the N. tibialis (“tibial nerve”) in the posterior tarsal tunnel; compression under the retinaculum flexorum (relatively rare); clinical picture: in the foreground are pain, paresthesias (sensory disturbances; partly burning) in the area of the forefoot at (Nn. plantaris medialis and lateralis), sometimes with radiation into the medial heel (R. calcaneus); but may also come to hypesthesia (numbness) in the innervation area of the tibial nerve and in rare cases to paresis (paralysis) of the toe spreaders and short toe flexors; Diagnostics: sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- Polyneuropathies – pathological change of several nerves, which leads mainly to paresthesias (insensations).
- S1 radiculopathy (damage to the nerve roots in the sacral region; S1 radiculopathy can lead to plantar fasciitis and gluteus maximus paresis/paralysis) [heel pain].
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Edema (water retention) of the foot, unspecified.
- Plantar heel pain; prevalence (disease incidence): 3.6-7.5%.
Injuries, poisonings, and other sequelae of external causes (S00-T98).
- March fracture (fatigue fracture of the os scaphoideum (navicular bone) or talus (ankle bone)) (e.g., competitive athlete).
- Muscle and tendon ruptures (ruptures = tear) [heel pain].
Other causes
- Tight shoes
- Foreign body, unspecified
