Products
Specialty retailers can order formaldehyde solutions from specialized suppliers.
Structure and properties
Formaldehyde (CH2O, Mr = 30.03 g/mol) is the simplest representative from the substance group of aldehydes, which exists as a gas. The boiling point is -19 °C. Formaldehyde oxidizes easily to formic acid. It can be obtained by the oxidation of methanol. The oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde and to formic acid is also an important reason for the toxicity of methanol in the human body. The pharmacopoeia defines formaldehyde solution 35%, a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent and characteristic odor that is miscible with water. The solution may become cloudy during storage. Because various oligomers form in water, methanol is added as a stabilizer. Formaldehyde solutions are also known as formalin.
Effects
Formaldehyde has strong antiseptic and preservative properties. It inactivates most bacteria, viruses, fungi as well as their spores. Formaldehyde is also an intermediate in human metabolism.
Fields of application
- As a strong disinfectant.
- For the production of vaccines.
- For the treatment of profuse sweating, in the form of methenamine.
- For allergy testing.
- For the preservation of anatomical preparations.
- For chemical syntheses.
Abuse
As a precursor chemical for the manufacture of explosives.
Adverse effects
Formaldehyde causes severe skin burns, severe eye damage, and respiratory irritation. It can cause allergic skin reactions, genetic defects, and cancer. Formaldehyde is toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled. The appropriate precautions in the safety data sheet must be observed.
