Frostbite: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:

• General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore:
  • Inspection (viewing).
    • Skin and mucous membranes
    • Head and extremities – especially affected are the acras (ears, nose, fingers, toes) [redness, swelling, bumps].
  • Auscultation (listening) of the heart.
  • Auscultation of the lungs
  • Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, hernial orifices?, kidney bearing knocking pain?)

Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.