Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Computed tomography of the skull (cranial CT, cranial CT or cCT)/spine – if neurological cause such as apoplexy (stroke), disc prolapse (herniated disc), etc. is suspected.
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (cranial MRI, cranial MRI or cMRI)/spine (spinal MRI) – in case of suspected neurological cause such as apoplexy, disc prolapse, etc.
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)/positron emission tomography (PET; nuclear medicine procedure used to create cross-sectional images of living organisms by visualizing the distribution patterns of weak radioactive substances) – if supraspinal cause is suspected.
- X-ray of the affected joints/bones – in case of pain.
