The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by gastroenteritis (stomach flu):
Blood, blood-forming organs – Immune system (D50-D90).
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) – triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA; form of anemia in which erythrocytes (red blood cells) are destroyed), thrombocytopenia (abnormal decrease in platelets/platelets), and acute kidney injury (AKI); mostly in children in the context of infections (enteroinvasive/enterohemorrhagic/Shiga toxin-forming E. coli (EIEC/EHEC/STEC)) occurring; most common cause of acute renal failure requiring dialysis in children.
- Moschcowitz syndrome – acute course of purpura (small-spotted skin bleeding) with accompanying anemia (anemia).
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Dehydration (lack of fluid).
- Severe fluid and electrolyte losses to circulatory failure and shock.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Sepsis (immunocompromised complication of Listeria monocytogenes).
- Septic shock due to toxins (poisons).
Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Amoebic liver abscess
Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Intestinal perforation (rupture)
- Continuous excretion of bacteria
- Hemorrhagic colitis – inflammation of the intestine with bloody diarrhea (diarrhea).
- Pseudomembranous enterocolitis (Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea or Clostridium difficile infection.
- Toxic megacolon – toxin-induced paralysis and massive dilatation of the colon (widening of the large intestine; > 6 cm), which is accompanied by acute abdomen (most severe abdominal pain), vomiting, clinical signs of shock and sepsis (blood poisoning); complication of ulcerative colitis; lethality (mortality related to the total number of people suffering from the disease) is about 30%.
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Reactive arthritis (synonym: postinfectious arthritis/joint inflammation) – secondary disease after gastrointestinal (affecting the gastrointestinal tract), urogenital (affecting the urinary and genital organs), or pulmonary (affecting the lungs) infections; refers to arthritis in which pathogens (Campylobacter spp., Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia) cannot (usually) be found in the joint (sterile synovitis).
Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) (immunocompromised complication of Listeria monocytogenes).
- Meningitis (meningitis) (immunocompromised complication of Listeria monocytogenes).
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory parameters not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Dehydration (lack of fluids).
- Cachexia (emaciation; very severe emaciation).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Renal failure
