A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:
- General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore:
- Inspection (viewing).
- Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye).
- Gait pattern [gait disturbances]
- Inspection (viewing).
- Ophthalmic examination – including ophthalmoscopy (ophthalmoscopy) of the back of the eye [visual disturbances; papilledema (swelling (edema) at the junction of the optic nerve with the retina, which is noticeable as a protrusion of the optic nerve head; congestion papilla usually bilateral)?]
- ENT medical examination – for dysosmia (olfactory disorders).
- Neurological examination – mandatory with assessment of reflexes, motor function and sensitivity [paresis/paralysis].
Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.