Glucose and the influence on osmolarity
Increased glucose levels in the blood have serious consequences for the human body. Among other things, they can damage nerves, blood vessels and kidneys, but they can also cause dangerous electrolyte shifts. If there are elevated glucose levels in the blood, more glucose is excreted via the kidneys.
According to the principle of osmosis, glucose is followed by water, and increased sodium levels in the blood often occur. This can lead to hyperosmolarity of the blood and be associated with neurological failure. Glucose levels can be determined either in blood or in urine.
Urine
The osmolarity or osmolality of urine is mainly determined by sodium and urea and is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the antidiuretic hormone in the kidney.The osmolarity of urine has an important role in the regulation of the salt and water balance. If the urine is hyperosmolar, i.e. there are many osmotically active particles in a small amount of urine, this indicates a lack of water in the body and leads to antidiuresis. If, on the other hand, the urine is hypoosmolar, diuresis (water excretion) is initiated.
