Products
Guarana is commercially available in numerous products including powder, capsules, tablets, effervescent tablets, tincture, chewing gum, in the form of energy drinks, soft drinks, confectionery and cosmetics.
Stem plant
The perennial guarana shrub var. of the soap tree family (Sapindaceae) is a woody climbing shrub native to the Amazon region in Brazil and cultivated in other South American countries.
Medicinal drug
The dried and roasted seed kernels freed from the seed coat and seed coat are used as a medicinal roe (Guaranae semen). The crushed seeds are also used with water to make a paste that is formed into sticks and breads (pasta guarana). The brown powder is practically odorless and has a bitter taste.
Ingredients
Ingredients include methylxanthines: caffeine, theobromine and theophylline, tannins, saponins, cyanolipids, starch and minerals. In the past, the stimulating substances were also called “guaranine”.
Effects
Guarana is stimulating, promotes concentration and performance. Unlike coffee, caffeine from guarana is said to be released more slowly (retarded) over several hours because it is bound to tannins. Caffeine from guarana is also said to be better tolerated than from other sources. However, both statements are controversial.
Areas of application
As a stimulant for fatigue and mental or physical exertion.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include sleep disturbances, overexcitement, nervous restlessness, and digestive problems. Because of the caffeine, guarana should not be overdosed.