Hallux valgus (bunion big toe, bunion toe, X-big toe, crooked toe; ICD-10-GM M20.1: Hallux valgus (acquired)) describes a frequently occurring deformity of the big toe, which is thereby misaligned in all dimensions in the metatarsophalangeal joint. The big toe is angled outward (lat. valgus = crooked) and the first metatarsal bone is turned toward the inner edge of the foot.
Hallux valgus is the most common forefoot deformity or toe malposition.
Depending on the localization of the deformity, the following forms are distinguished:
- Hallux valgus interphalangeus – the valgus deformity is located in the terminal joint.
- Hallux varus – valgus deformity to the medial (in the metatarsophalangeal joint towards the inner edge of the foot).
Gender ratio: women are affected significantly more often than men.
Frequency peak: the disease occurs predominantly in middle and older age. Occurrence often only on one side, sometimes on both sides.
Prevalence (disease incidence) is 23% of < 65 year olds and approximately 35% of > 65 year olds. In Western industrialized countries, the prevalence is higher than in countries or cultures where people walk barefoot or prefer to wear open-toed footwear (sandals). Tight and closed shoes favor the development of hallux valgus.
Course and prognosis: Usually only a few complaints occur. However, hallux valgus can be accompanied by pain and pressure points in the shoe and thus significantly affect the patient in everyday life. If pain occurs, it is localized at the base of the big toe. If left untreated, the condition is progressive. Treatment is often desired for cosmetic reasons. In older age, hallux valgus can lead to unsteadiness in movement, increasing the risk for falls.
