Respiratory System (J00-J99)
- Endocrine rhinitis – for example, during hormonal changes in pregnancy or when taking hormonal medication during menopause (menopause).
- Hyperreflexive rhinitis – triggered by disturbed function of the autonomic nervous system.
- Idiopathic rhinitis – rhinitis with unknown cause.
- Postinfectious rhinitis – after viral or bacterial infections.
- Rhinitis atrophicans – disease of the nose accompanied by atrophy (tissue loss), is also known as ozaena (stinky nose) (symptoms: yellowish-green coatings in the nose on, smelling sweet and foul). Primary ozaena is believed to be hereditary, secondary ozaena may have various causes (tumors of the nasopharynx; malformations of the nasal septum; abuse of xylometazoline – decongestant nasal drops).
- Rhinitis in rhinoliths – rhinitis in nasal stones.
- Rhinitis in tumors of the nasal cavity.
- Rhinitis medicamentosa – triggered by various medications such as:
- Antihistamines (medications for allergic reactions) – for example, cetirizine.
- Antihypertensives (drugs against high blood pressure) – for example captopril, enalapril.
- Psychotropic drugs (drugs against mental illness) – for example, amitryptiline.
- Rhinitis sicca anterior – inflammation in the anterior part of the nose resulting in dry mucous membrane.
- Specific rhinitis – for example, in tuberculosis (consumption), sarcoidosis (synonyms: Boeck’s disease; Schaumann-Besnier’s disease) – systemic disease of connective tissue with granuloma formation or in syphilis (hard chancre).
- Toxic-irritant rhinitis – triggered by chemicals such as chlorine or cigarette smoke.
- Nonspecific granulomatous rhinitis – rhinitis with nodules due to inflammation.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Tropical diseases – such as leprosy or leishmaniasis.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48)
- Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (odds ratio of rhinitics to non-rhinitics was 2.29-fold increased in cancer patients)
Environmental exposures – intoxications
- Chlorine
- Cigarette smoke
