Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal Cancer: Test and Diagnosis

1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Differential blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT, GGT). Alkaline phosphatase Laboratory parameters 2nd order (for follow-up). SCC, Cyfra (for: squamous cell carcinoma; … Esophageal Cancer: Test and Diagnosis

Esophageal Cancer: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic targets Cure or improvement of prognosis If necessary, also improvement of symptoms, reduction of tumor mass, palliative (palliative treatment). Therapy recommendations The most important therapeutic procedure for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma is surgery with the goal of complete removal of the tumor (oral, aboral, and circumferential) and regional lymph nodes. For localized adenocarcinomas … Esophageal Cancer: Drug Therapy

Esophageal Cancer: Surgical Therapy

Diagnostic laparoscopy may be performed for adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and esophagogastric (gastrointestinal) junction to exclude metastases to the liver and/or peritoneum (peritoneum) at advanced stages (especially in the case of a cT3- , cT4-category). The most important therapeutic procedure in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma is surgery with the aim of complete removal … Esophageal Cancer: Surgical Therapy

Esophageal Cancer: Prevention

To prevent esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Too little fish consumption; inverse correlation between fish consumption and risk of disease. Nitrosamine exposure Smoked and cured foods and foods high in nitrates and nitrites Nitrate is a potentially toxic compound: Nitrate is reduced to … Esophageal Cancer: Prevention

Esophageal Cancer: Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy for esophageal cancer: Neoadjuvant (preoperative) radiochemotherapy (RCTX: combination of radiotherapy (radiotherapy, radiatio) and chemotherapy) to reduce tumor size. In case of a locoregional R2 resection (larger, macroscopically visible parts of the tumor could not be resected), postoperative radiochemotherapy (RCTX) can be performed after discussion in the interdisciplinary tumor conference (advantage is not clearly … Esophageal Cancer: Radiation Therapy

Esophageal Cancer: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer). Family history Does your family have a history of frequent tumors or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract? Social history What is your profession? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What changes have you noticed? Do you … Esophageal Cancer: Medical History

Esophageal Cancer: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Cardiovascular System (I00-I99). Coronary artery disease (CAD) – disease of the coronary arteries. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93). Diffuse esophageal spasm – neuromuscular dysfunction of esophageal muscles with intermittent retrosternal (located behind the sternum) pain. Hypercontractile esophagus (nutcracker esophagus). Gastric ulcer (stomach ulcer) Esophagitis (inflammation of the … Esophageal Cancer: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Esophageal Cancer: Complications

The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer): Respiratory system (J00-J99) Pneumonia (pneumonia) Fistulas between the respiratory and digestive tracts Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48). Early metastasis due to lack of serosal coating of the intrathoracic esophagus: Infiltration of adjacent structures Lymph nodes – including … Esophageal Cancer: Complications

Esophageal Cancer: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye) [anemia (anemia)]. Inspection and palpation (palpation) of lymph node stations (cervical, axillary, supraclavicular, inguinal). Inspection and palpation of the … Esophageal Cancer: Examination

Esophageal Cancer: Causes

Pathogenesis (disease development) In approximately 85% of cases, esophageal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinomas (Barrett’s carcinoma) are present in 15% and are predominantly located in the lower portion of the esophagus. In western industrialized countries, squamous cell carcinoma has become less common as fewer and fewer people smoke. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus … Esophageal Cancer: Causes

Esophageal Cancer: Therapy

General measures Nicotine restriction (refraining from tobacco use). Alcohol restriction (abstaining from alcohol) Normal weight to strive for or maintain! Determination of BMI (body mass index, body mass index) or body composition by means of electrical impedance analysis. BMI ≥ 25 → participation in a medically supervised weight loss program. Falling below the BMI lower … Esophageal Cancer: Therapy