Esophageal Cancer: Prevention

To prevent esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Too little fish consumption; inverse correlation between fish consumption and risk of disease. Nitrosamine exposure Smoked and cured foods and foods high in nitrates and nitrites Nitrate is a potentially toxic compound: Nitrate is reduced to … Esophageal Cancer: Prevention

Esophageal Cancer: Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy for esophageal cancer: Neoadjuvant (preoperative) radiochemotherapy (RCTX: combination of radiotherapy (radiotherapy, radiatio) and chemotherapy) to reduce tumor size. In case of a locoregional R2 resection (larger, macroscopically visible parts of the tumor could not be resected), postoperative radiochemotherapy (RCTX) can be performed after discussion in the interdisciplinary tumor conference (advantage is not clearly … Esophageal Cancer: Radiation Therapy

Esophageal Cancer: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer). Family history Does your family have a history of frequent tumors or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract? Social history What is your profession? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What changes have you noticed? Do you … Esophageal Cancer: Medical History

Esophageal Cancer: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Cardiovascular System (I00-I99). Coronary artery disease (CAD) – disease of the coronary arteries. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93). Diffuse esophageal spasm – neuromuscular dysfunction of esophageal muscles with intermittent retrosternal (located behind the sternum) pain. Hypercontractile esophagus (nutcracker esophagus). Gastric ulcer (stomach ulcer) Esophagitis (inflammation of the … Esophageal Cancer: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Esophageal Cancer: Complications

The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer): Respiratory system (J00-J99) Pneumonia (pneumonia) Fistulas between the respiratory and digestive tracts Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48). Early metastasis due to lack of serosal coating of the intrathoracic esophagus: Infiltration of adjacent structures Lymph nodes – including … Esophageal Cancer: Complications

Esophageal Cancer: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye) [anemia (anemia)]. Inspection and palpation (palpation) of lymph node stations (cervical, axillary, supraclavicular, inguinal). Inspection and palpation of the … Esophageal Cancer: Examination

Osteosarcoma: Surgical Therapy

In osteosarcoma, one strives for removal in healthy tissue with a safety margin (tumor-free resection margins). The following form of surgical therapy is available: Wide resection – method of choice for malignant (malignant) bone tumors. Procedure: wide and radical resection (surgical removal) of the tumor with a safety margin of 5 cm (proximal (toward the … Osteosarcoma: Surgical Therapy

Osteosarcoma: Radiotherapy

Osteosarcoma is not very sensitive to radiation. However, radiotherapy (radiation therapy) is used when osteosarcoma is inoperable or can be removed only marginally or intralesionally (see “Surgical Therapy”). Recommended techniques include intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy.

Osteosarcoma: Causes

Pathogenesis (disease development) Osteosarcoma is one of the osseous tumors of bone. It arises from mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchyme = part of embryonic connective tissue) and can differentiate into various forms: bone-forming tumors (osteoblastic), cartilage-forming tumors (chondroblastic), connective tissue tumors (fibroblastic), and others. A characteristic feature of osteosarcoma is that its cells form osteoid (soft, … Osteosarcoma: Causes

Osteosarcoma: Therapy Options

General measures Nicotine restriction (refraining from tobacco use). Limited alcohol consumption (men: max. 25 g alcohol per day; women: max. 12 g alcohol per day). Limited caffeine consumption (max 240 mg of caffeine per day; equivalent to 2 to 3 cups of coffee or 4 to 6 cups of green/black tea). Aim for normal weight! … Osteosarcoma: Therapy Options

Thymidine Kinase

Thymidine kinase (TK) is a cellular enzyme involved in the incorporation of the nucleoside (basic building block of nucleic acid) thymidine into DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Its concentration is thus a measure of the division activity of cells.Since malignant diseases of the blood-forming and lymphatic systems in particular are characterized by high rates of cell division, … Thymidine Kinase