Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Bacteriology: cultural pathogen detection, usually from tonsil or wound swabs and possibly blood culture for pathogen (Β-haemolytic streptococci) and resistance. Serology: AK against streptococci (anti-streptolysin; anti-streptokinase, anti-streptodornase [=anti-DNAse B]).
Therapeutic targets Elimination of the pathogens Avoidance of complications Therapy recommendations Antibiosis (antibiotic therapy). Symptomatic therapy (analgesics/painkillers, antiemetics/anti-nausea and anti-nausea drugs, if necessary). See also under “Further therapy“. Antibiotics Antibiotics are drugs that are administered when an infection with a bacterium is present. They act either bacteriostatic, by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, or bactericidal, … Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina): Drug Therapy
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of scarlatina (scarlet fever). Family history What is the current health status of your relatives? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you had contact with anyone with scarlet fever or anyone with pharyngitis (throat infection)? Have you noticed … Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina): Medical History
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99). Drug exanthema – skin rash due to allergic reactions to various drugs such as antibiotics. Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Infectious diseases caused by other pathogens. Erythema infectiosum (ringworm). Morbilli (measles) Rubella (rubella)
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by scarlatina (scarlet fever): Respiratory system (J00-J99) Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) – spread of inflammation to connective tissue between tonsil (tonsils) and M. constrictor pharyngis with subsequent abscessation (collection of pus); predictors of peritonsillar abscess: male sex (1 point); age 21-40 years … Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina): Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, mouth, throat, and tongue [maculopapular (fine-spotted) exanthema (begins on neck and extends to extremities (hands and feet are left out); after exanthema disappears, … Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina): Examination
Scarlet fever is diagnosed on the basis of history, physical examination, and laboratory diagnostics. Optional medical device diagnostics -depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics– for differential diagnosis or to exclude complications. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs; in this case, the kidneys) – … Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina): Diagnostic Tests
To prevent scarlatina (scarlet fever), attention must be paid to reducing risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Avoid contact with ill persons during the phase of infection. Infection is possible from the time of infection, which usually occurs by droplet infection and can last up to three weeks.
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate scarlatina (scarlet fever): Sore throat Fever/chills General feeling of illness Abdominal pain Nausea/vomiting Maculopapular (fine-spotted) exanthema – 1-2 days after purulent inflammation, maculopapular exanthema begins on the chest, then covers the entire body, emphasizing the groin, then extends to the extremities (hands and feet are left out); after … Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Scarlatina is transmitted primarily by droplet infection. The causative bacteria are gram-positive ß-streptococci of serogroup A (Streptococcus pyogenes). These form various toxins (poisons), of which the exotoxin (superantigen) causes the typical exanthema (skin rash) in scarlet fever. Etiology (causes) Behavioral causes Contact with ill persons
General measures Commercially available mild throat lozenges or lozenges (preferably sugar-free) can help relieve sore throats Observance of general hygiene measures! In the occurrence of fever: Bed rest and physical rest (even if fever is only mild; if limb pain and lassitude occur without fever, bed rest and physical rest is also required, because myocarditis/heart … Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina): Therapy
