Formation of mineral corticoids: Among the hormones synthesized in the zona glomerulosa are aldosterone and corticosterone. The output for the production of these hormones is cholesterol via pregnenolone and progesterone. Through further enzymatic changes (hydroxylation, oxidation) the mineral corticosteroids are finally produced. The corticosterone formed is converted to aldosterone. The receptor is located intracellularly, there … Mineral Corticoids
Definition Noradrenaline is a messenger substance (transmitter) produced naturally in the body, which belongs to the subgroup of catocholamines. It is produced from the neurotransmitter dopamine with the participation of an enzyme (dopamine beta hydroxylase). For this reason, dopamine is also called a precursor of noradrenaline. The production takes place mainly in the adrenal medulla, … Noradrenaline
Noradrenaline receptors The specific receptors for norepinephrine and adrenaline are called adrenoceptors. The two messenger substances act at two different receptor subtypes. On the one hand, the alpha receptors are stimulated and on the other hand the beta receptors are activated. Alpha-1-receptors are mostly located on the walls of the blood vessels, which ensure the … Noradrenaline receptors | Noradrenaline
Dosage Since noradrenaline causes its effects in the body even in small amounts, exact dosage is of crucial importance in the context of therapeutic use in intensive care medicine. A particularly rapid effect is achieved by administering a specific dose intravenously in a single dose (bolus). The stable development of the desired effects is ensured … Dosage | Noradrenaline
Introduction The catecholamines, or catecholamines, belong to the group of hormones with androgenic effects on the cardiovascular system. The catecholamines are so-called sympathomimetic drugs, either produced by the body or artificially synthesized substances, and act on the alpha and beta receptors. Among the catecholamines are Adrenalin Noradrenaline Dopamine Isoprenalin (drug substance) Dobutamine (drug substance) Dopeaxamine … Catecholamines
Side effects of glucocorticoids The possible side effects that can result from a long lasting or high-dose intake of glucocorticoids are directly related to the main effects. If there is an excess of glucocorticoids in the body, Cushing’s disease can develop. In general, there is an individual dose for each patient, and care must be … Side effects of glucocorticoids | Glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoids in doping Glucocorticoids are officially included in the list of doping substances and their systematic administration (oral, rectal, intravenous or intramuscular) is therefore prohibited in any kind of sporting competition. Application on the skin by means of ointments or inhalation is permitted after registration. The reason why glucocorticoids are considered doping substances is their … Glucocorticoids in doping | Glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoids in asthma Glucocorticoids are also used in the long-term therapy of bronchial asthma. The aim is to reduce the inflammation in the bronchial tubes that has manifested itself in this disease. The hypersensitivity of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract should thus be reduced and the frequency of asthma attacks minimized. It is … Glucocorticoids in asthma | Glucocorticoids
Formation of glucocorticoids These hormones of the adrenal cortex include glococorticoid, cortisol and cortisone. The hormones are formed from cholesterol via pregnenolone and progesterone as well as other intermediate stages. After release into the bloodstream, they are bound to the transport protein transcortin. The hormone receptors are located intracellularly in the cells of almost all … Glucocorticoids
Androgens refer to the male sex hormones. Among them are: In men, these hormones are produced in the testicles (Leydig cells) and in the adrenal cortex. In women, they are produced in the ovary and also in the adrenal cortex. In the blood, the transport of androgens takes place either bound to the protein albumin … Androgens
Production of adrenaline: These stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline are produced in the adrenal medulla and in nerve cells starting from the amino acid tyrosine. With the help of enzymes, this is first converted into L-DOPA (L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine). Then dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline are produced enzymatically with the help of vitamins (C, B6), copper, folic acid … Adrenalin
Lower adrenaline Since adrenaline is one of the most effective factors in stress reactions, excessive release can have considerable consequences. People who have permanently excessive adrenaline levels suffer all the effects of the hormone as a permanent condition. Anxiety, a constant feeling of stress, high blood pressure, increased glucose levels and long-term cardiovascular problems are … Lower adrenaline | Adrenalin
