A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of the eye) [jaundice]. Abdomen (abdomen) Shape of the abdomen? Skin color? Skin texture? Efflorescences (skin changes)? Pulsations? Bowel movements? Visible vessels? … Zieve Syndrome: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose), oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) if necessary. Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT, GGT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin. Renal parameters – urea, creatinine, cystatin C or creatinine clearance, … Zieve Syndrome: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic target Slowing of progression (progression). Improvement of survival Therapy recommendations Drug therapy is not possible! Absolute alcohol abstinence (abstaining from alcohol). Adequate nutrition (with positive nitrogen balance). Intensive therapy if necessary For alcoholic hepatitis, the following agents can be used (see below). In the final stages of cirrhosis, liver transplantation (LTx) may be considered. … Zieve Syndrome: Drug Therapy
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs) – for basic diagnosis. Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen (abdominal CT) – for further diagnostics.
To prevent Zieve syndrome, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Consumption of stimulants Alcohol – (woman: > 40 g/day; man: > 60 g/day).
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate Zieve syndrome: Pathognomonic (indicative of a disease). Acute hemolytic anemia – acute anemia caused by destruction of erythrocytes (red blood cells). Hyperlipidemia (lipid metabolism disorder). Icterus (jaundice) In the case of long-term alcohol abuse (alcohol dependence). Furthermore, the following diseases may occur in the course: Liver cirrhosis – … Zieve Syndrome: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (disease development) Zieve syndrome represents a complication of alcohol toxic liver damage. Etiology (Causes) Behavioral causes Pleasure food consumption Alcohol (woman: > 40 g/day; man: > 60 g/day). Disease-related causes Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99) Long-term alcohol abuse (alcohol dependence).
General measures Alcohol abstinence (complete abstinence from alcohol) – considered the most important measure in the presence of Zieve syndrome. Vaccinations The following vaccinations are advised: Flu vaccination Hepatitis B vaccination Pneumococcal vaccination Regular checkups Regular medical checkups Nutritional medicine Nutritional counseling based on nutritional analysis Nutritional recommendations according to a mixed diet taking into … Zieve Syndrome: Therapy
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of Zieve syndrome. Family history Social history Current anamnesis/systemic anamnesis (somatic and psychological complaints). What complaints have you noticed? How long have these symptoms been present? Have you noticed any yellowing of the skin/eyes? Do you have abdominal pain? Do you suffer from … Zieve Syndrome: Medical History
Blood, blood-forming organs-immune system (D50-D90). Anemia (anemia), unspecified. Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Hyperlipidemias (disorders of lipid metabolism), unspecified. Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Liver disease, non-alcohol related
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by Zieve syndrome: Liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) – functional, in principle fully reversible decrease in glomerular filtration rate (total volume of primary urine an, which is filtered byall glomeruli (renal corpuscles) of … Zieve Syndrome: Complications