Ophthalmology

Corneal Ulcer: Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) Corneal ulcer (corneal ulcer) is often a complication of keratitis (inflammation of the cornea). Etiology (causes) Behavioral causes Wearing of contact lenses Disease-related causes Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Keratitis (corneal inflammation), unspecified [bacteria (eg, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae), viruses (herpes simplex), mycoses (especially after antibiotic therapy, or glucocorticoid eye drops), … Corneal Ulcer: Causes

Corneal Ulcer: Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by a corneal ulcer: Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Impairment of vision, in extreme cases threatening blindness due to corneal perforation (risk of endophthalmitis/inflammation of the interior of the eye). Hypopyon – accumulation of pus in the anterior chamber of the eye. … Corneal Ulcer: Complications

Corneal Ulcer: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Ophthalmic examination – slit lamp examination: In most cases, the cornea is severely swollen, grayish-yellow and uneven. By means of fluorescent dye may be able to detect erosions If necessary, flushing … Corneal Ulcer: Examination

Corneal Ulcer: Test and Diagnosis

Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Pathogen determination by smear and culture. “If bacterial keratitis is clinically suspected, a conjunctival swab should first be performed with one swab in each eye. Then, material from the ulcer and ulcer margin should be obtained with a swab or corneal spatula (Kimura spatula, field … Corneal Ulcer: Test and Diagnosis

Corneal Ulcer: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Elimination of the causative agent Therapy recommendations Antibiosis (topical/local, antibiotic therapy) if necessary. If necessary, virostasis (antivirals: topical for herpes simplex; oral (“ingestion by mouth“) for varicella zoster: treatment with nucleoside analogues). If necessary, antifungals (topical; drugs for the treatment of fungal diseases). If necessary, oral substitution of vitamin A and zinc for … Corneal Ulcer: Drug Therapy

Corneal Ulcer: Surgical Therapy

1st order Covering the ulcer with conjunctiva or amniotic membrane for rapid but scarring healing of the defect. Keratoplasty à chaud (emergency keratoplasty) – for perforated (broken through) ulcer or descemetocele (protrusion of Descemet’s membrane).

Color Vision Disorders

Color vision disorder (synonyms: Color vision disorder; color vision deficiency; ICD-10-GM H53.5: Color vision disorders) refers to color vision deficiency and color blindness to various colors. Color vision disorders include: Achromatopsia or achondroplasia – total color blindness, meaning that no colors can be perceived, only contrasts (light-dark). Deuteranomaly (green deficiency (green cones degenerated); 5%). Deuteranopia … Color Vision Disorders

Color Vision Disorders: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Achromatopsia or achondroplasia – total color blindness, meaning that no colors can be perceived, only contrasts (light-dark). Deuteranomalie (green weakness). Deuteranopia (green blindness) Acquired color vision disorders Complete color blindness Protanomaly (red deficiency) Protanopia (red blindness Tritanomaly (blue-yellow weakness) Tritanopia (blue blindness)

Color Vision Disorders: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height. Ophthalmic examination (examination of the eye with a slit lamp, determination of visual acuity and determination of refraction (examination of the refractive properties of the eye); stereoscopic findings of optic disc (area … Color Vision Disorders: Examination