Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis. Family history What is the general health of your relatives? Social history What is your profession? Have you traveled recently? If so, where were you? How long were you there? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Are you … Japanese Encephalitis: Medical History
Respiratory System (J00-J99) Influenza, unspecified Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Dengue fever – infectious disease that occurs mainly in the (sub)tropics. Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99). Encephalitis of other etiology, unspecified.
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by Japanese encephalitis: Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99). Permanent neurologic and/or psychiatric damage, unspecified – in more than half of cases. Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium (O00-O99). Abortion (miscarriage)
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye). Palpation of the cervical spine [meningismus (painful neck stiffness)/increased resistance to movement of the head in … Japanese Encephalitis: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. RNA detection (RT-PCR* in serum/liquor) – in the first days of illness. JE virus-specific IgM/IgG antibodies – from the second week of illness. * Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the combination of two methods of molecular biology. Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results … Japanese Encephalitis: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic target Alleviation of symptoms Therapy recommendations There is no specific therapy. Symptomatic therapy (analgesics (painkillers), antiemetics (drugs against nausea and vomiting), sedatives (tranquilizers), anticonvulsants (drugs against seizures), if necessary). Beischweren courses may require intensive medical care to support vital functions (circulation, respiration). Prevention of secondary infections (antibiosis, ie antibiotic therapy).
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (cranial CT or.cCT/cranial MRI or cMRI) – if meningoencephalitis (combined inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and meninges (meningitis)) is suspected.
Vaccination against Japanese encephalitis is the most important and effective preventive measure. To prevent Japanese encephalitis, attention must be paid to reducing risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Prevent bites of Culex mosquitoes by using repellents.
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate Japanese encephalitis: Mild flu-like illness – in most cases. Meningoencephalitis* (incidence: 1 in 250 infections). In circa every 250th case of infection. High fever, usually 10 days. General feeling of illness Cephalgia (headache) Nausea (nausea)/vomiting Disturbance of consciousness Seizures Reflex disorders Confusion Behavioral changes Tremor (shaking) Paresis (motor … Japanese Encephalitis: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (disease development) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that, like the causative agent of dengue fever and yellow fever, belongs to the Flaviviridae. So far, 5 genotypes of the virus have been identified. The disease belongs to the viral zoonoses (animal diseases). The virus is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes (mainly C. … Japanese Encephalitis: Causes
General measures Intensive therapy for meningoencephalitis (combined inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and meninges (meningitis)). Early rehabilitation measures Rehabilitation Depending on neurological/psychiatric findings.
