Heart Murmurs: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Conditions that cause systolic heart murmurs:

Cardiovascular System (I00-I99).

  • Accidental systolic murmur – heart murmur occurring primarily in children and adolescents with no underlying pathologic change.
  • Aortic isthmic stenosis (ISTA; synonym: coarctation of the aorta: coarctatio aortae) – narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta.
  • Aortic valve stenosis – narrowing of the aortic valve.
  • Functional systolic murmur – heart murmur without pathological change, which occurs, for example, in fever, pregnancy or hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).
  • Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) – heart muscle disease that may present with the following symptoms and complications: Dyspnea (shortness of breath), angina (“chest tightness”; sudden onset of pain in the heart area), arrhythmias, syncope (brief loss of consciousness), and sudden cardiac death (PHT).
  • Mitral valve regurgitation – inability of the mitral valve to close.
  • Tricuspid valve insufficiency – closing inability of the tricuspid valve.
  • Ventricular septal defect – congenital or acquired defect of the septum of the ventricles.

Diseases leading to diastolic heart murmurs:

Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).

Conditions leading to systolic-diastolic heart murmurs:

Cardiovascular System (I00-I99).

  • Arteriovenous fistula – short-circuit connection between the arterial and venous systems, may be due to pulmonary angioma or injury.
  • Coronary fistula – pathological connection between a coronary vessel and a cardiac cavity.
  • Open ductus botalli – short circuit between the high and low pressure systems, which is usually interrupted immediately after birth
  • Ruptured sinus valsalva aneurysm – bulging located in the heart, the rupture (rupture) of which can lead to a short circuit.