The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle):
Cardiovascular disorders (I00-I99).
- Heart failure (cardiac insufficiency) [poor prognosis].
- Cardiac arrhythmias, unspecified
- Cardiomyopathy (group of myocardial diseases that result in reduced heart function; dilated cardiomyopathy, DCM) [poor prognosis].
- Pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium).
- Sudden cardiac death (PHT; English “sudden cardiac arrest“, SCA).
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Cardiogenic shock (form of shock caused by weakened pumping action of the heart).
Further
- High 10-year mortality (death rate) of viral myocarditis: nearly 40% of affected patients died within the next 10 years, according to an analysis by German cardiologists.Prognostic factors are:
- Detection of necrosis and fibrosis areas by late contrast enhancement, “late gadolinum enhancement” (LGE): this was associated with twice the mortality risk (risk of death) compared with unremarkable patients: the risk of dying from a cardiac (heart-related) cause increased 3-fold, and the risk of cardiac death increased 14-fold.
- LGE + LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction; ejection fraction of the heart) ≤ 40%: poor survival.