Respiratory System (J00-J99)
- Pneumonia (pneumonia)
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hyponatremia (sodium deficiency)
- Hypokalemia (potassium deficiency)
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Cerebral infarction (ischemic infarction)
- Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts – pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).
Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Hiatal hernia (diaphragmatic hernia).
- Ileus (intestinal obstruction)
- Reflux disease (gastroesophageal reflux disease) – frequent reflux (Latin refluere = to flow back) of acidic gastric juice and other gastric contents into the esophagus (esophagus).
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Esophageal ulcer (esophageal ulcer).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Esophageal carcinoma (cancer of the esophagus).
- Tumors in the medulla oblongata/extended spinal cord region (e.g., astrocytoma)
Persons using health care for other reasons (Z70-Z76).
- Stress
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
- Meningitis (meningitis)
- Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Tabes dorsalis (neurolues) – late stage of syphilis in which there is demyelination of the spinal cord.
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Dysphagia (dysphagia).
- Hypocapnia (decreased arterial CO2 partial pressure (< 35 mmHg/4.6 kPa); occurs primarily with hyperventilation/increased breathing that exceeds demand)
- Pleurisy (pleurisy).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Uremia (occurrence of urinary substances in the blood above normal values) → irritation of the phrenic nerve (phrenic nerve).
Injuries, poisoning, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Medication
- Alpha-methyldopa (drug used in blood pressure therapy).
- Antiepileptic drugs (ethosuximide, mesuximide, sultiam).
- Barbiturates (e.g., thiopental).
- Dexamethasone (artificial glucocorticoid).
- Diazepam (psychotropic drug)
Operations
- Condition after thoracic (chest-related), abdominal (abdomen-related), or cranial (head-related) surgeries
Further
- Behavioral causes
- Nutrition
- Voluminous meal (strong gastric distension).
- Consumption of stimulants
- Alcohol
- Tobacco
- Nutrition
