A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:
- General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore:
- Inspection (viewing).
- Skin, mucosa, and sclera (white part of the eye) [Leading symptom: wheals] According to the appearance of urticaria, the following forms can be distinguished:
- Urticaria bullosa (hives associated with blistering).
- Urticaria circinata (polycyclic limited foci).
- Urticaria cum pigmentatione (accompanied by hyperpigmentation).
- Urticaria gigantea (palm-sized foci).
- Urticaria haemorrhagica (accompanied by hemorrhages).
- Urticaria pigmentosa (benign generalized proliferation of tissue mast cells).
- Urticaria porcellanea (whitish edematous wheals).
- Urticaria profunda (accompanied by deep edema).
- Urticaria rubra (bright red discoloration of the wheals).
- Skin, mucosa, and sclera (white part of the eye) [Leading symptom: wheals] According to the appearance of urticaria, the following forms can be distinguished:
- Inspection (viewing).
- Dermatological examination [due todifferential diagnoses].
Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.
