Hormones of the adrenal cortex

The adrenal cortex has a three-layer structure, with each layer producing certain hormones. From the outside to the inside you can find:

  • Zona glomerulosa (“ball rich zone”): Production of mineral corticoids
  • Zona fasciculata (“clustered zone”): Production of glucocorticoids
  • Zona reticulosa (“reticular zone”): Production of androgens

These hormones include glucocorticoids, mineral corticoids and androgens. The former have multiple effects.

On the one hand, as “stress hormone” they influence the carbohydrate and protein metabolism of the body by increasing blood sugar, breaking down body protein (catabolic function) and thus providing energy. On the other hand, these hormones have an effect on the cardiovascular system, as they cause vasoconstriction of the blood vessels (vasoconstriction) as well as strengthening the heart. Furthermore, glucocorticoids counteract inflammation and allergies (anti-inflammatory = anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic). At the kidneys, the hormones lower urine excretion, at the mucous membrane of the stomach they lower its “protective layer” with the danger of the formation of stomach ulcers (gastric ulcer).