Products
HPV vaccine is commercially available in many countries in the form of a suspension for intramuscular injection (Gardasil, Cervarix). Vaccination has been licensed since 2006.
Structure and properties
The vaccines contain the recombinant L1 protein from the capsid of various HPV types. It is in the form of noninfectious virus-like particles and is produced by biotechnological methods.
- Gardasil: HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18.
- Gardasil 9: HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58
- Cervarix: HPV types 16, 18
Effects
Vaccines can protect against sexually transmitted human papillomaviruses (HPV) and the diseases they cause.
Indications
For prevention of diseases caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV), especially:
- Cervical cancer
- Vulvar carcinoma, vaginal carcinoma, premalignant lesions in the genital area.
- Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) – also approved for men.
Dosage
According to the drug label. The vaccine is injected intramuscularly according to the vaccination schedule. It must not be administered intravascularly!
Contraindications
HPV vaccination is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity and during acute, severe, febrile illness (e.g., influenza). It should not be given during pregnancy. For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Immunosuppressants may potentially reduce the effectiveness of the drug.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include injection site reactions such as redness, pain, bruising, itching, and swelling. Other common side effects include headache, fever, dizziness, and nausea. Syncope may occur after vaccination, which may be accompanied by convulsive movements. Therefore, patients should be monitored for 15 minutes. Very rarely, severe adverse effects are possible. These include severe hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis) and central disorders.
