Human Insulin

Products

Human insulin is commercially available as an injectable (e.g., Huminsulin, Insuman). Rapid-acting and sustained-release dosage forms exist (e.g., isophane insulin), as well as mixed insulins. Human insulin is produced by biotechnological methods and stored in a refrigerator. It should not be frozen or exposed to high heat. Some preparations can be stored with the patient at room temperature for some time.

Structure and properties

Human insulin is a polypeptide with the structure of the antidiabetic hormone produced by the pancreas in humans. The peptide is composed of two chains with a total of 51 amino acids. The A chain is composed of 21 amino acids and the B chain is composed of 30 amino acids. Insulin has two disulfide bridges connecting the chains and one disulfide chain within the A chain. It exists as a white powder that is virtually insoluble in water.

Effects

Human insulin (ATC A10A) has blood glucose-lowering and antidiabetic properties. It promotes the absorption of blood glucose into tissues (e.g., muscle, adipose tissue). The effects are based on binding to insulin receptors.

Indications

For the treatment of diabetes mellitus, if insulin treatment is necessary.

Dosage

According to the professional information. The amount to be injected is determined individually. The drug is administered subcutaneously (e.g., abdomen, thigh, buttocks). It must not be injected intravenously. The injection site should be changed at each injection and it should not be massaged. The injection-eating interval is between 15 to 60 minutes, depending on the preparation.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Insulinoma

Full details of precautions and interactions can be found in the drug label.

Adverse effects

The most common adverse effect is hypoglycemia. Other possible adverse effects include local injection site reactions, visual disturbances at baseline, and hypersensitivity reactions.