Pathogenesis (development of disease)
Hydrocele may be congenital or acquired. In congenital hydrocele, there is incomplete obliteration of the processus vaginalis peritonei. An acquired hydrocele results from inflammation (e.g., epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis), orchitis/testicular inflammation), injury, or tumors.
A spermatocele may be a cystic dilated remnant of Müller’s duct or ruptured tubules in the epididymal region. Furthermore, it may be an intravaginal or extravaginal seminal retention cyst (cyst that develops due to outflow obstruction) in the epididymis or spermatic cord filled with protein-rich, sperm-containing fluid.
Etiology (Causes)
Hydrocele
Biographic causes
- Genetic burden from parents, grandparents.
Disease-related causes
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Tumors of the testis, unspecified
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Testicular torsion – sudden rotation of the testis with restriction of blood supply; common in infancy or childhood.
- Orchitis (inflammation of the testis), unspecified.
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Injuries of the testis, unspecified
Spermatocele
Biographical causes
- Genetic burden from parents, grandparents.
