Products
Hydroxycarbamide is commercially available in the form of capsules (Litalir, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1995.
Structure and properties
Hydroxycarbamide (CH4N2O2, Mr = 76.1 g/mol) is a hydroxylated urea (-hydroxyurea). It exists as a white, crystalline, hygroscopic powder that is readily soluble in water.
Effects
Hydroxycarbamide (ATC L01XX05) is cytostatic. The effects are due to inhibition of the R2 subunit and inhibition of DNA synthesis and DNA repair.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Dosage is based on body weight. The capsules are taken once a day, regardless of meals. They must not be opened and the patient must not come into contact with the powder in the capsules. Wash hands after contact with the capsules or wear gloves when handling.
Indications
Chronic myeloid leukemia and other myeloproliferative syndromes such as essential thrombocythemia, myelofibrosis, and polycythaemia vera with severe thrombocytosis.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Pregnancy and lactation
Full precautions can be found in the drug label.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include hair loss, skin and mucosal damage, leukopenia, macrocytic anemia, micturition difficulties, oral mucositis, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.
