Blood, hematopoietic organs-immune system (D50-D90).
- Coagulation disorders (e.g., von Willebrand factor deficiency).
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland).
- Premenstrual progestin deficit – deficiency of luteal hormone before the onset of menstruation.
Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Liver cirrhosis – irreversible damage to the liver leading to gradual connective tissue remodeling of the liver with impairment of liver function.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Adnexitis (ovarian inflammation), chronic.
- Adenomyosis (adenomyosis uteri) – pathological change in the lining of the uterus (endometrium), whereby it proliferates into the underlying muscles (myometrium).
- Endometritis (inflammation of the uterus); including tuberculous endometritis.
- Endometriosis – disease in which the endometrium grows outside the uterus such as in the ovary (ovary) or the vesica urinaria (urinary bladder).
- Glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium – pathological thickening of the endometrium due to increased estrogen action (eg, follicular persistence).
- Polyps (mucosal growths) of the cervix (cervix) or endometrium (endometrium).
- Uterine hyperplasia – proliferation of the endometrium.
- Uterine fibroids – benign tumors in the uterus.
Medication
- Hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills), hormone replacement therapy.
- Intrauterine device (“IUD”).
Other differential diagnoses
- Follicular maturation disorders (oocyte maturation disorders) with consequent follicular persistence (failure to ovulate), endometrial hyperplasia (increase in volume (hyperplasia) of the endometrium) and breakthrough bleeding (esp. adolescence or perimenopause/one to two years before and after menopause proper).
- Puberty
- Perimenopause – transitional phase between premenopause and postmenopause; varying lengths of years before menopause (about five years) and after menopause (1-2 years).
