The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by hypertensive pregnancy diseases (hypertension in pregnancy):
Respiratory system (J00-J99)
- Pulmonary edema – accumulation of water in the lungs.
Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59).
- Ablatio retinae (retinal detachment) (2.2-fold).
- Retinopathia eclamptica gravidarum – changes in the retina (retina) with edema (swelling) and hemorrhage due to eclampsia (tonic-clonic seizures that occur in pregnancy).
- Retinopathy (retinal disease) (7.6-fold).
Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) – severe disorder of coagulation due to excessive activation of coagulation factors in severe disease and trauma, which can lead to bleeding and thrombosis at the same time.
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Apoplexy (stroke) (fivefold increased risk).
- Chronic arterial hypertension (high blood pressure).
- Hypertension risk increases as early as the first year post-partum/postpartum (12- to 25-fold higher risk of hypertension requiring treatment than after a normotensive pregnancy)
- Women with severe preeclampsia
- Are 7 times more susceptible to developing cardiovascular disease (diseases of the cardiovascular system) during pregnancy compared with women with normal blood pressure
- >41% of women have excessively high blood pressure in the year after pregnancy; masked hypertension occurred most frequently (17.5%)
- Heart failure (cardiac insufficiency) (HR: 1.7; p = 0.03).
- Coronary artery disease (CAD; disease of the coronary arteries) – Myocardial infarction (heart attack).
- Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (pAVK) – progressive narrowing or occlusion of the arms / (more often) legs-supplying arteries, usually due to atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis, arteriosclerosis).
- Vitiation (valvular heart disease)
- Aortic stenosis (valvular defect in which the outflow tract of the left ventricle is narrowed) (HR: 2.9; p < 0.001)
- Mitral regurgitation (inability of the mitral valve to close between the left atrium and left ventricle/ventricle) (HR: 5.0; p = 0.01)
Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Liver rupture (liver tear)
- Liver cell damage
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Dementia (3-fold increased risk of vascular dementia in old age).
- Cerebral hemorrhage
- Brain edema (swelling of the brain)
- Mental disorders of the child, such as anxiety, depression, or behavioral disorders
Pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium (O00-O99).
- Premature birth
- HELLP syndrome – special form of preeclampsia characterized by hemolysis (destruction of erythrocytes), elevation of liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia (reduction of platelets).
- Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR; disorders of fetal growth; deficiency development of the unborn child in the womb; “small for gestational age”, SGA).
- Intrauterine fetal death (IUFT) – death of the unborn child in the womb during the second half of pregnancy.
- Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH; postpartum hemorrhage) – due tothrombocytopenia/reduced number (<150,000/µl) of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood in HELLP syndrome, DIG (e.g., in preeclampsia)
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – sex organs) (N00-N99).
- Chronic kidney disease or glomerular and proteinuric disease – five years after the last pregnancy with preeclampsia, the association was significantly stronger than in the years after (HR 6.11 and 4.77 vs. HR 2.06 and 1.50, respectively)
- Chronic renal insufficiency (kidney failure).
- Glomeruloendotheliosis – change in the glomerula (renal corpuscles) with limitation of renal function.
- Renal failure
Further
- Multi-organ failure (MODS, Multi organ dysfunction syndrome; MOF: Multi organ failure) – simultaneous or sequential failure or severe functional impairment of various vital organ systems of the body.
