Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Complications

Mr. Genitourinary System (N00-N99) The following are the major diseases or complications that may be co-morbid with hypoparathyroidism (hypothyroidism):

Eyes and ocular appendages (H00-H59).

Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).

  • Calcium overdose may result in the following complications:
    • Hypercalcemia syndrome – this leads to:
      • Gastrointestinal disorders/gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea (nausea), vomiting (vomiting), constipation (constipation) and anorexia (loss of appetite).
      • Renal tubule dysfunction: polyuria and polydipsia (excessive fluid intake by drinking); nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), nephrocalcinosis (kidney calcification).
      • Cardiovascular symptoms: hypertension (high blood pressure), bradyarrhythmias (very slow heartbeat with a rate below 50 beats per minute with no discernible rhythm) and QT shortening (to asystole/without cardiac contraction).
      • Neuromuscular symptoms: rapid fatigability, muscle weakness, hyporeflexia (reflex attenuation), depressed mood, apathy (listlessness), coma
    • Hypercalcemic crisis (serum calcium > 3.5 mmol/l) – polyuria (increased urination), exsiccosis (dehydration), hyperpyrexia (extreme fever: > 41 °C), cardiac arrhythmias, weakness and lethargy, and somnolence (drowsiness) to coma.
  • Hypercalciuria (increased excretion of calcium through the urine) – because the reabsorption of calcium can not take place due to the absence of parathyroid hormone in the kidney.
  • Hyperphosphatemia (excess phosphate).
  • Hypocalcemia (calcium deficiency)
  • Hypomagnesemia (magnesium deficiency)

Skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00-L99)

  • Alopecia (hair loss)
  • Brittle nails

Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)

  • Arrhythmias (cardiac arrhythmias).
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activity of the heart muscle) – prolonged QT interval (QT prolongation).
  • Heart failure (cardiac insufficiency)
  • Syncope – short-lasting loss of consciousness.

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99)

  • Impairment of bone mineralization
  • Brachymetacarpy (shortening of single or multiple metacarpal bones).
  • Higher trabecular bone volume
  • Bone pain
  • Osteosclerosis (sclerosis (hardening) of bone tissue).

Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)

  • Anxiety disorders
  • Bipolar disorder (mental disorder in which depressive and manic episodes occur).
  • Depressive mood
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH; synonym: pseudotumor cerebri, PTC) – increased intracranial pressure without explanatory cause; 90% of patients suffer from headaches, these usually increase when bending forward, coughing or sneezing; in every second patient there is papilledema (swelling (edema) at the junction of the optic nerve with the retina, which becomes apparent as a protrusion of the optic nerve head; congestive papilledema i. R. bilateral); occurrence with bilateral ocular symptomatology [sudden loss of vision in child].
  • Calcification (calcification) of the cerebral vessels.
  • Seizures
  • Psychosis – symptom complex (syndrome) characterized by hallucinations, delusions, loss of reality or ego disorders.
  • Basal ganglia calcification (Fahr’s disease/calcification of the basal ganglia of the brain) – with each year of the disease, the probability of basal ganglia calcification increases by 12%.

Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).

  • “Brain fog”: symptom that summarizes cognitive impairments such as lethargy and poor concentration.
  • Palpitations – heart actions that are perceived by the affected person himself as unusually fast, forceful or irregular.

Genitourinary system (N00-N99).