Definition
ITBS is the abbreviation for the “Iliotibial Band Syndrome”. Colloquially it is also called “runner’s knee” or “tractus syndrome“. It is an inflammation of the tendon in the area of the knee.
The tendon, which is called the “tractus iliotibialis” in the technical language, plays a role in stabilizing the knee joint, straightening the leg and defending against shifts of the lower leg towards the thigh. The tendon belongs to a muscle whose abdomen lies in the area of the upper thigh and buttocks. The muscle has its origin at the outer, palpable edge of the iliac crest. From there it moves with its long, taut tendon to the outer edge of the shin bone. When the muscle is tensed, the knee joint is straightened outwards and a kinking inwards is prevented.
Causes
The cause of ITBS is an inflammation of the tendon in the area of the knee and slightly above the knee. The inflammation in ITBS is triggered mechanically, i.e. by permanent physical irritation. This is caused primarily by a bony protrusion, the so-called “epicondylus”, which presses on the iliotibial tendon when it is moved.
The main cause, which also gives the syndrome its name, is jogging. The constant movement and weight load leads to a permanent overloading of the tendon, which then becomes inflamed. Cycling is also not a rare trigger for ITBS.
In addition to overstraining the muscles, several factors play a role in the development of the inflammation. Many anatomical peculiarities, incorrect strain and other influences can additionally increase the pressure on the tendon and promote the inflammation. First and foremost among these are anatomical malpositions of the legs, feet and hips.
Leg malpositions such as knock-knees or bow legs also cause the axis in the knee joint to shift. This can result in increased strain on the iliotibial tendon. Foot malpositions can also influence the axis in the leg.
In long-distance running, the foot malposition can lead to permanent incorrect loading of the legs. The hip also has a great influence on the tendon. When the hip bone tilts, the tendon is stretched and tensioned, which increases the irritation on it.
Likewise, congenital or acquired anatomical conditions play a role in the development of ITBS. Legs of different lengths represent an enormous strain on bony and muscular structures when subjected to permanent stress. Shortened muscles and tendons are also a common problem, which can be caused by incorrect loading, provoking and triggering the following incorrect loading. Even without special anatomical conditions, ITBS occurs in athletes. If the training is set up too quickly and the units are too intensive, the slight, permanent pressure stimulus can already lead to pain syndrome.
