Imbalance of the Intestinal Flora (Dysbiosis): Secondary Diseases

The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by dysbiosis (imbalance of the intestinal flora):

Respiratory system (J00-J99)

  • Allergic rhinitis (allergic rhinitis).
  • Bronchial asthma
  • Bronchitis – inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi.
  • Chronic rhinitis (rhinitis)
  • Laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx)
  • Otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear)
  • Sinusitis (sinusitis)

Blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90)

  • Immunodeficiency (defense weakness) due tointestinal microbiota affects the development and function of the intestine-associated immune system.

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).

Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99)

  • Atopic eczema (neurodermatitis)
  • Urticaria (hives)

Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).

  • Chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa).
  • Chronic inflammatory bowel disease – ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease.
  • Intestinal mycosis (fungal disease of the intestine).
  • Diarrhea (diarrhea)
  • Diverticulitis – inflammation of protrusions (diverticula) of the intestinal wall.
  • Diverticulosis – protrusions of the intestinal wall.
  • Enteritis (inflammatory disease of the small intestine).
  • Constipation (constipation)
  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) – inflammatory bowel disease affecting the terminal ileum (last segment of the small intestine) or ascending colon in most cases; affects 5-10 percent of all infants born before 32 weeks of gestation or with a birth weight less than 1,500 grams; proportion of Gammaproteobacteria was increased, Negativicutes and Clostridia were found in small numbers
  • Reflux esophagitis (esophagitis due to reflux (lat. refluere = to flow back) of acid gastric juice and other gastric contents into the esophagus (esophagus)).
  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) – functional bowel disorder in which no causative disorders can be found.
  • Ulcus ventriculi (gastric ulcer)

Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).

  • Meteorism (flatulence)

Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)

Further

  • Intestinal barrier disorders – dysbiosis appears to make the intestinal barrier more permeable.
  • Disruption of metabolism (metabolic rate)
    • Nutrient digestion (e.g., digestion of plant polysaccharides; production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, propionate, and butyrate).
    • Bile acid metabolism (conversion of primary to secondary bile acids).
  • Reduction in effectiveness of tumor treatment with checkpoint inhibitors: reduction or loss of antitumor effect after therapy with antibiotics; high levels of “good” intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacteria, Akkermansia, and Ruminococcus) are associated with good effect of checkpoint inhibitors; patients who had previously received broad-spectrum antibiotics died within a mean of 2 months (vs. 26 months, in patients who had not received antibiotics in the months before): Patients with prior antibiotic treatment: hazard ratio of 7.4; antibiotics after initiation of treatment with checkpoint inhibitors: no effect on survival (hazard ratio 0.9; 0.5 to 1.4).