Indication vaccinations are vaccinations that are given because of an increased individual health risk. These include:
- TBE (early summer meningoencephalitis).
- Gynatren vaccination*
- Herpes zoster (shingles)*
- HiB (Haemophilus influenzae type b)
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Influenza (flu)
- Measles (Morbilli)
- Meningococcal
- Pertussis (whooping cough)
- Pneumococcus
- Poliomyelitis (polio)
- Rubella (German measles)
- Swine flu vaccination*
- StroVac vaccination*
- Varicella (chickenpox)
* Vaccinations for which there is no recommendation of the Robert Koch Institute (STIKO).
Contraindications
The following general contraindications to vaccination must be considered:
- Acute illnesses requiring treatment – ill persons should be vaccinated at the earliest two weeks after complete recovery.
- Allergies to components of the vaccine
- During pregnancy, only urgently indicated vaccinations should be performed
- In case of congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies, consultation with the attending physician should be made before vaccination with a live vaccine; after vaccination, a serological success control should be performed
The following symptoms/diseases are not contraindications to vaccination:
- Banal infections with temperatures < 38.5 °C
- Seizures in the family
- Disposition for febrile convulsions
- Localized skin infections, eczema
- Therapy with antibiotics, corticosteroids (low dose).
- Congenital/acquired immunodeficiencies when vaccinated with inactivated vaccines.
- Neonatal icterus
- Premature infants should be vaccinated according to the recommended age of vaccination.
Vaccination intervals
Basically, for intervals between different vaccinations:
- Live vaccines can be administered simultaneously; if they are not administered simultaneously,then an interval of four weeks should be observed for live viral vaccines
- No intervals need to be observed for inactivated vaccines
Time intervals between vaccinations and surgery:
- In the case of urgent indication for surgery, no time interval must be observed
- Beieinem Wahlleingriff should be waited after vaccination with an inactivated vaccine at least 3 days and when vaccinated with a live vaccine at least 14 days.
Vaccination reactions
The following vaccination reactions are more common:
- Local reaction with redness, swelling around the injection site – usually occur 6 to 48 hours after vaccination.
- General reactionswith fever (< 39.5 C°), headache / limb pain, malaise – usually occur in the first 72 hours after vaccination
- Vaccine sickness -possible up to 4 weeks after MMR vaccination; it comes to measles / mumps-like symptoms with increased body temperature.
- Severe side effects are extremely rare