Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Uroflowmetry (urine flow measurement) – procedure for the objective determination of bladder emptying disorders (determination of the outflowing urine volume per unit time) [detrusor sphincter externus dyscoordination? or significantly excessive maximum flow rate with steep curve rise?]
- Residual urine determination (usually by ultrasound) – to exclude the overactive bladder and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (micturition disorder (disorder of urination) caused by failure of the bladder sphincter (sphincter) to relax).
- Urethrocystoscopy (urethral and bladder endoscopy) [presence of trigonal metaplasia?, detrusor trabeculated?; anatomic bladder capacity increased?]
- Cystometry (synonym: cystomanometry) refers to a urological examination method in which the pressure and capacity of the urinary bladder is measured – to exclude overactive bladder and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.
- Flow electromyogram (-EMG), i.e., measurement of electrical muscle activity – to detect micturition disorders (disorders of urination) caused by nerves or muscles.
- Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound of abdominal organs) to examine bladder (wall thickness, space, residual urine) and kidneys – [thickening of the bladder wall?; residual urine, if any?]
Note: The diagnosis of urethral syndrome may only be made if other clinical pictures have been excluded by careful diagnostics!
