Joints

The knee joint connecting the upper and lower leg is a hinge joint. The knee joint is formed by the two condyles of the thigh and shin. The calf bone has no part of the knee joint.

Between the lower leg and the foot lies the upper ankle joint. This is formed by the malleolus fork between the upper ankle joint and the lower leg. In this fork, the foot can be moved downwards (plantar flexion), upwards (dorsal extension), and the inner edge of the foot can be raised inwards (supination) and the outer edge of the foot can be raised outwards (pronation).

Diffraction (flexion) and
Stretching (extension), and
Turning movements inwards and outwards possible.
Rail and
Fibula and the
Hock leg (talus) trained.

Vessels

In the bend of the knee, the tibial artery divides into its two main branches. Numerous branches emerge from the anterior tibial artery, which supply the knee, the front of the lower leg up to the back of the foot with blood. From the posterior tibial artery emerges the fibular artery (Arteria fibularis).

Branches branch off from this artery to supply the inner and outer soles of the foot with blood. The veins are divided into the deep and superficial veins. The largest superficial vein is the magna saphenous vein, which runs relatively centrally on the lower leg up to the hip, where it opens into the large deep femoral vein.

The smaller hidden saphenous vein parva also runs in the middle of the calf in the subcutaneous fatty tissue and finally opens into the popliteal vein in the hollow of the knee. The deep veins usually run with the arteries and are significantly more important than the superficial veins.They are divided into three groups: These vessels accordingly take up the blood from the superficial veins via bridge veins and transport it towards the heart.

The Arteria tibialis anterior (anterior tibial artery) and
Posterior (posterior tibial artery).
The tibialis anterior group,
Tibialis posterior group and the
Fibularis group.