Pathogenesis (development of disease)
The pathogenesis of joint effusion varies depending on the exact form of the effusion. The following forms of knee joint effusion can be distinguished:
- Fibrinous joint effusion – contains a fibrin, which is formed during blood clotting.
- Hemarthrosis – bloody joint effusion.
- Pyarthros – purulent joint effusion
- Serous joint effusion – contains a serum-like fluid.
The fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane that lines the joint from the inside. This is caused by inflammation, injury or other disease processes.
Etiology (causes)
Behavioral causes
- Physical activity
- Sports with risk of joint injury such as soccer, skiing, etc.
Disease-related causes
Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).
- Hemophilia (hemophilia).
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Arthritis (inflammation of the joints), unspecified.
- Gout (arthritis urica/uric acid-related joint inflammation or tophic gout)/hyperuricemia (elevation of uric acid levels in the blood)
- Gonarthrosis (osteoarthritis of the knee joint)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (chronic polyarthritis) – most common inflammatory disease of the joints.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Tumors of the knee joint, unspecified.
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98)
- Fractures (broken bones) of the knee joint, unspecified.
- Free joint bodies
- Bone/cartilage injuries in the area of the knee joint, unspecified.
- Unhappy triad injury – medial meniscus lesion, anterior cruciate ligament rupture, and medial collateral ligament tear.
Laboratory diagnoses – laboratory parameters that are considered independent risk factors.
- Hyperuricemia (elevation of uric acid levels in the blood).
