The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by latent (subclinical) hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism):
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Iodine-induced thyrotoxic crisis – due to iodine-containing contrast media and drugs such as amiodarone.
- Manifest hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (VHF; 3-fold increase in risk).
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) – enlargement of the left heart.
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Osteoporosis (bone loss)
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Alzheimer’s type dementia
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Sinus tachycardia (>100 beats/minute and electrical excitation in a normal manner in the sinus node).
Injury, poisoning, and certain other sequelae of external causes (S00-T98).
- Fractures (broken bones); increased risk of fracture:
- 36% increased risk of hip fracture (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.36; 95% confidence interval range 1.13 to 1.64)
- 51% higher risk of vertebral body fracture (HR of 1.51 (95% confidence interval ranging from 0.93 to 2.45)
Further
- Increased mortality/ mortality rate (2.33-fold): hazard ratio for death of elderly (mean: 83 years) with latent hyperthyroidism: 2.33; 95% confidence interval 2.08-2.63; follow-up: 10 years.
