1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests.
- Triglycerides
- Total cholesterol* and LDL/HDL ratio
- LDL cholesterol*
- HDL cholesterol*
- Lipoprotein (a)* *
- Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose), if necessary oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT).
- Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT, GGT); alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin.
- Renal parameters – urea, creatinine, cystatin C or creatinine clearance, if necessary.
Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Cholesterol electrophoresis
- Apolipoprotein E
- Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) – risk assessment for the development of atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis, hardening of the arteries).
- Apolipoprotein B (APOB) – risk assessment for the development of atherosclerosis APO B decreased in:
- Lipoprotein deficiency, hyperlipoproteinemia type I.
APO B elevated in:
- Hyperlipoproteinemias type II, III, V, pAVK, myocardial infarction (heart attack).
- Homocysteine (independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease).
- DNA analyses in suspected genetic causes such as familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) or familial hypertriglyceridemia.
- Family screening in familial hypercholesterolemia.
- Blood lipids of parents and first-degree relatives should be screened
* Indications for the determination of cholesterol levels (total cholesterol; LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol).
- As a routine parameter to determine the risk of atherosclerosis (risk of hardening of the arteries) in all adults from the age of 20 years.
- In children and adolescents whose parents or first-degree relatives have cardiovascular disease before the age of 45 (for men) or 55 (for women), respectively
- In children of parents among whom part has familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) or:
- Total cholesterol > 300 mg/dl (> 7.8 mmol/l) or LDL-C > 190 mg/dl (4.9 mmol/l).
- Premature coronary artery disease (women < 60 years, men < 55 years).
- Presence of xanthomas
- Therapy control during treatment with lipid-lowering agents (lipid-lowering drugs).
* * Indications for single determination of lipoprotein (a):
- Striking family history of premature cardiovascular events and/or elevated Lp(a).
- Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
- Moderate or high cardiovascular risk with premature cardiovascular disease (women < 60 years, men < 55 years),
- Recurrent cardiovascular events despite LDL cholesterol lowering.
- ≥ 5% 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to SCORE.
