Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hypotension (low blood pressure). Family history
Vegetative anamnesis
Self-history including medication history.
- Pre-existing conditions
- Operations
Family history
- Is there a history of frequent cardiovascular disease in your family?
Social history
Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints).
- In what situations do you get dizzy? When standing up or walking?
- Have you ever fainted?
- Do you often feel tired and exhausted?
- Do you have cold hands / feet?
- Do you sweat more?
- Do you have a headache?
- Do you have palpitations or stitches in the heart area?
Vegetative anamnesis including nutritional anamnesis.
- Do you get enough exercise every day?
- Do you eat a balanced diet?
- Do you drink alcohol? If so, what drink(s) and how many glasses per day?
- Do you use drugs? If yes, which drugs (opiates resp. Opioids (alfentanil, apomorphine, buprenorphine, codeine, dihydrocodeine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, loperamide, morphine, methadone, nalbuphine, naloxone, naltrexone, oxycodone, pentazocine, pethidine, piritramide, remifentanil, sufentanil, tapentadol, tilidine, tramadol)) and how often per day or per week?
Self history including medication history.
- Pre-existing conditions (cardiovascular disease)
- Operations
- Allergies
- Pregnancies
- Medication history
Medication history
- Α2-agonists (apraclonidine, brimonidine, clonidine).
- ACE inhibitors (benazepril, captopril, cilazapril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, ramipril, spirapril, trandolapril).
- Analgesics
- Non-acid analgesics (metamizole, acetaminophen/paracetamol).
- Anaesthetics (propofol)
- Angiotension II receptor antagonists (AT-II-RB; ARB; angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 antagonists; angiotensin receptor blockers; AT1 receptor antagonists, AT1 receptor blockers, AT1 antagonists, AT1 blockers; angiotensin receptor blockers, sartans) – candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, olmesartan, telmisartan, valsartan).
- Antiarrhythmics
- Adenosine
- Drug class II: metoprolol
- Antidepressants
- Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSA) – mirtazapine.
- Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NARI) – reboxetine, viloxazine.
- Selective serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRI) – duloxetine, venlafaxine.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) – trazodone
- Tetracyclic antidepressants (maprotiline, mianserine).
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) – amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, nortriptyline, opipramol, trimipramine.
- Antihistamines (azelastine, cetirizine, clemastine, desloratardine, dimenhydrinate, dimetindene, diphenhydramine, loratardine, meclozine, terfenadine).
- Antiprotozoal agents (pentamidine).
- Antipsychotics (neuroleptics).
- Conventional (Classical) antipsychotics (neuroleptics) – haloperidol, melperone.
- Atypical antipsychotics (neuroleptics) – asenapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone.
- Beta-blockers
- SS1 (acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, celiprolol, esmolol, metoprolol, nebivolol).
- Α + ß (carvediol)
- Nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol
- Calcimimetic (etelcalcetide).
- Calcium antagonists (amlodipine, diltiazem, felodipine, fendiline, gallopamil, lacidipine, lercanidipine, nitrendipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, nicardipine, isradipine, nisoldipine, nilvadipine, manidipine, verapamil).
- Hormones
- Leovodopa (L-dopa)
- Dopamine agonists (α-dihydroergocriptine, bromocriptine, cabergoline, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine)
- Mineralocorticoid antagonist (spironolactone).
- Oxytocin
- Oxytocin receptor antagonists (atosiban).
- Prostaglandin analogues (alprostadil/prostaglandin E).
- Prostanoids (epoprostenol, iloprost, treprostinil).
- Hypnotics (propofol)
- Local anesthetics (lidocaine, procaine, mepivacaine).
- Magnesium
- MAO inhibitor (tranylcypromine)
- Methylxanthines (theophylline)
- Monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab)
- Muscle relaxants (baclofen, tizanidine).
- Nitrates (glycerol nitrate, glycerol trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, nitroprusside sodium).
- Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors (enoximone, milrinone).
- Rheologics (pentoxifylline).
- Sedatives
- Benzodiazepines (diazepam, flunitrazepam, midazolam, lorazepam, temazepam, tetrazepam* ) [* prescription ban since August 2013 due to serious skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or erythema multiforme].
- Selective α1-adrenoceptor antagonists (alfuzosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin).
- Serotonin receptor agonists
- Thrombolytics (rt-PA).
- Vasodilators (diazoxide, dihydralazine).
- Antivirals (foscarnet, ganciclovir).