LSD

Products

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is one of the banned narcotics in many countries and is therefore no longer legally available. Exemption permits may be issued.

Structure and properties

LSD (C20H25N3O, Mr = 323.4 g/mol) was first synthesized in 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann at Sandoz, with the aim of producing an analeptic. He repeated the synthesis in 1943 and accidentally discovered the strong hallucinogenic properties. He subsequently conducted self-experiments. LSD is a semisynthetic drug derived from lysergic acid, which comes from the ergot fungus. It is an indole derivative with a tetracyclic structure. LSD is in the form of colorless, odorless, and tasteless crystals that are soluble in water.

Effects

LSD has potent hallucinogenic, psychoactive, and mind-expanding properties. It causes a dissolution of the ego (depersonalization), induces visual and auditory hallucinations, synesthesias, a euphoria, and alterations in thinking and the sense of time. The effects occur after about thirty minutes and last up to ten hours. The effects are primarily due to interaction with serotonin receptors (primarily 5-HT2A).

Indications for use

As a hallucinogen and for the expansion of consciousness. LSD was originally developed as a drug (Delysid Sandoz) and tested for psychiatric applications, among others, but is no longer approved for this purpose. As a performance-enhancing agent (smart drug), see under microdosing.

Dosage

Even the smallest doses administered perorally in the microgram range elicit a response (dose range approximately 25 to 200 µg). The highest blood levels are achieved with fasting ingestion.

Adverse effects

Possible adverse effects include psychiatric disorders such as “horror trips” with anxiety and panic, as well as flashbacks, paranoia, and mood changes after a “trip.” Physical side effects include nausea, lack of appetite, headaches, dizziness, and tremors. LSD has a wide therapeutic range. Tolerance develops after repeated use.