The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by male infertility:
Neoplasms – Tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Urinary bladder carcinoma (bladder cancer).
- Testicular carcinoma (testicular cancer (+ 50%).
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma (malignant disease originating from the lymphoid tissue).
- Melanoma (black skin cancer)
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (+ 71%)
- Prostate carcinoma (prostate cancer)
- Men whose children were conceived with the help of assisted reproduction (in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)) had an increased risk of prostate cancer in old age:
- ICSI children: adjusted hazard ratio: 1.64, which was significant with a 95% confidence interval of 1.25 to 2.15
- IVF children: adjusted hazard ratio 1.33 (1.06 to 1.66).
- Men whose children were conceived with the help of assisted reproduction (in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)) had an increased risk of prostate cancer in old age:
- Thyroid carcinoma (thyroid cancer).
Further
- Higher mortality risk (risk of death: +42%) – in the presence of oligospermia (spermatozoa count <15 million/millimeter; +17%), but especially if azoospermia (spermatozoa are not detectable natively or in centrifugate: +101%).