Male Infertility: Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by male infertility:

Neoplasms – Tumor diseases (C00-D48).

  • Urinary bladder carcinoma (bladder cancer).
  • Testicular carcinoma (testicular cancer (+ 50%).
  • Hodgkin’s lymphoma (malignant disease originating from the lymphoid tissue).
  • Melanoma (black skin cancer)
  • Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (+ 71%)
  • Prostate carcinoma (prostate cancer)
    • Men whose children were conceived with the help of assisted reproduction (in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)) had an increased risk of prostate cancer in old age:
      • ICSI children: adjusted hazard ratio: 1.64, which was significant with a 95% confidence interval of 1.25 to 2.15
      • IVF children: adjusted hazard ratio 1.33 (1.06 to 1.66).
  • Thyroid carcinoma (thyroid cancer).

Further

  • Higher mortality risk (risk of death: +42%) – in the presence of oligospermia (spermatozoa count <15 million/millimeter; +17%), but especially if azoospermia (spermatozoa are not detectable natively or in centrifugate: +101%).