Reproductive medicine treatment methods for men:
- Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) – retrieval of sperm from the testis.
- Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) – extraction of sperm from the epididymis.
- If necessary, refertilization surgery – restoration of fertility (fertility) after sterilization.
Reproductive medicine treatment methods for the woman:
- Insemination (sperm transfer)
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) – artificial insemination in a test tube.
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) – insertion of a sperm cell into the egg.
- Intratubal gamete transfer – Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) – insertion of egg and sperm in the fallopian tube.
- In vitro maturation (IVM) – egg maturation in the test tube.
- If necessary, refertilization surgery – restoration of fertility (fertility) after sterilization.
Other measures that support reproduction:
- Late embryo transfer on day 5 or 6 (blastocyst transfer) [Typically, embryos are returned to the uterus (transfer) a little more than 48 hours after puncture. At this point, they have already divided and are at the 4-8 cell stage].
- Cryopreservation – freezing of fertilized eggs in the pronuclear stage and sperm (sperm cells).
- Assisted Hatching – in this process, the embryo‘s shell is scratched – usually with a laser – which makes it easier for the embryo to leave the shell and possibly nidation (implantation).
