Mammary Gland Pain (Mastodynia): Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:

  • General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height.
  • Gynecological examination
    • Inspection of the mammae (breasts), right and left; nipple (nipple), right and left, and skin [crusting of secretions in the area of the nipple/mammillae due to galactorrhea?/diseased breast milk discharge].
    • Palpation of the mammae, the two supraclavicular pits (upper clavicle pits) and axillae (axillae) [tension of the breast; possibly detection of galactorrhea; grade I: only a few drops expressible, grade II: at least 1 ml can be expressed, grade III intermittent spontaneous galactorrhea, grade IV: massive, permanent discharge of milk].
  • Health check

Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.