Mast Cell Stabilizers

Products

Mast cell stabilizers are commercially available in many countries in the form of eye drops, as nasal sprays, as oral capsules, and as tablets. Several antihistamines also have mast cell stabilizing properties (see there).

Structure and properties

The typical structural elements of mast cell stabilizers include carboxylic acids. However, the chemical structure of the agents is not uniform.

Effects

Mast cell stabilizers have antiallergic, indirect antihistamine, and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects are based on inhibition of the release of mediators such as histamine from mast cells. By inhibiting degranulation, the allergic reaction is prevented or attenuated.

Indications

Indications for use include:

  • Allergic conjunctivitis
  • Hay fever, perennial allergic rhinitis.
  • Food allergies (peroral)
  • Bronchial asthma (discontinued in many countries).

Dosage

According to the SmPC. Mast cell stabilizers are administered ocularly, intranasally, inhalationally, and perorally. Medications containing cromoglicic acid must be applied frequently, up to four times daily.

Active Ingredients

Active ingredients approved in many countries:

Not or no longer on the market in many countries:

  • Nedocromil
  • Lodoxamide

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity

For complete precautions, see the drug label.

Interactions

Mast cell stabilizers generally have a profound interaction potential.

Adverse effects

Local reactions and hypersensitivity reactions may occur with topical use. With oral administration, other adverse effects can be expected depending on the active ingredient, for example, headache and gastrointestinal disturbances.