Products
Mast cell stabilizers are commercially available in many countries in the form of eye drops, as nasal sprays, as oral capsules, and as tablets. Several antihistamines also have mast cell stabilizing properties (see there).
Structure and properties
The typical structural elements of mast cell stabilizers include carboxylic acids. However, the chemical structure of the agents is not uniform.
Effects
Mast cell stabilizers have antiallergic, indirect antihistamine, and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects are based on inhibition of the release of mediators such as histamine from mast cells. By inhibiting degranulation, the allergic reaction is prevented or attenuated.
Indications
Indications for use include:
- Allergic conjunctivitis
- Hay fever, perennial allergic rhinitis.
- Food allergies (peroral)
- Bronchial asthma (discontinued in many countries).
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Mast cell stabilizers are administered ocularly, intranasally, inhalationally, and perorally. Medications containing cromoglicic acid must be applied frequently, up to four times daily.
Active Ingredients
Active ingredients approved in many countries:
- Cromoglicic acid (e.g., Cromodyn, Nalcrom).
- Ketotifen, ketotifen eye drops (Zaditen, Zaditen Ophtha).
- N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamic acid (spaglumic acid, naabak).
- Some antihistamines (see there).
Not or no longer on the market in many countries:
- Nedocromil
- Lodoxamide
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Mast cell stabilizers generally have a profound interaction potential.
Adverse effects
Local reactions and hypersensitivity reactions may occur with topical use. With oral administration, other adverse effects can be expected depending on the active ingredient, for example, headache and gastrointestinal disturbances.