The molecular mode of action of caffeine is very well studied. Thus, it is known that the substance binds to certain receptors (adenosine receptors) and inhibits an intracellular enzyme, phosphodiesterase. This leads to stimulation of the central nervous system (analeptic effect) and to increased urine excretion by increasing renal blood flow (diuretic effect).
On the heart, caffeine leads to an increased stroke rate (positive chronotropy) and cardiac strength (positive inotropy). The leaves are further said to have lipolytic, that is, fat-reducing, effects.
Side effects of mate
Taking high concentrations of caffeine can cause side effects such as heart palpitations, insomnia, and anxiety. Currently, there are no known interactions with other remedies.
