Medical Excursus | Pain during ovulation

Medical Excursus

Between the ages of 12 and 16, a woman’s sexual maturity begins and thus also her menstruation (menstruation). So a regular menstrual cycle is an expression of normal reproductive ability! By definition, the first day of menstruation is the beginning of a cycle.

It ends again with the day before the start of the next menstrual period. A normal menstrual cycle is divided into different phases, which refer on the one hand to the hormonal changes in the ovary (lat. : ovary), on the other hand to the simultaneous fluctuations in the endometrium (lat.

: endometrium). Normally, the female cycle lasts about 28 days, although fluctuations are not uncommon. However, ovulation takes place relatively constantly on the 14th-15th day!

In most women, menstruation lasts about four days. It can be divided into two phases: 1st desquamation phase (1st -2nd day) During the desquamation phase the superficial layer of the uterine lining is shed. Small blood vessels are damaged and close up, so that the part to be shed no longer receives sufficient nutrients and dies.

Finally, special enzymes open the closed vessels. Dead mucous membrane and blood leak out and cause menstruation. Usually the blood loss is about 50-100 ml.

Responsible for this process is a drop in the hormone progesterone, also called yellow body hormone. 2nd regeneration phase (3rd – 4th day) In the regeneration phase, the resulting wound surfaces begin to heal. Now the remaining phases of the monthly cycle follow: 2.

1 follicle phase/proliferation phase (5th -14th day): Under the influence of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a dominant follicle matures in the ovary. The follicle contains the egg cell, which fuses with the male sperm in the event of fertilization. As the follicle matures, the production of the hormone estrogen also increases.

It causes a renewal (regeneration) of the endometrium.2. 2 Ovulation (day 14-15): During ovulation (lat. : ovulation) the follicle wall tears and releases the egg.

It is flushed out together with the follicular fluid and absorbed by the fringed extensions of the fallopian tubes (lat. : tuba uterina). From there, the egg is transported through the fallopian tube to the uterus.

If fertilization does not take place after a maximum of 24 hours, the egg dies. The ovulation is caused by a high level of the hormones LH and FSH. 2.

3 Secretion phase (day 16-28):

After ovulation, the corpus luteum (lat. : corpus luteum) develops from the former follicle sheath. In this context, the secretion of the corpus luteum hormone increases strongly.

If the egg has not been fertilized (i.e. there is no pregnancy), the hormone concentration drops again. As a result, the lining of the uterus is shed and menstruation occurs. Our next topic could also be interesting for you: Menstrual Pain – What to do?

2. 3 Secretion phase (day 16-28): After ovulation, the corpus luteum (lat. : corpus luteum) develops from the former follicle sheath.

In this context, the secretion of the corpus luteum hormone increases strongly. If the egg has not been fertilized (i.e. there is no pregnancy), the hormone concentration drops again. As a result, the lining of the uterus is shed and menstruation occurs. Our next topic could also be interesting for you: Menstrual Pain – What to do?