Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99).
- Congenital renal artery stenosis – narrowing of the renal artery(s) leading to hypertension (high blood pressure).
- Congenital chloride diarrhea – genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance; caused by chloride malabsorption; characterized by osmotic watery diarrhea (diarrhea) beginning after birth, accompanied by alkalosis.
- Liddle syndrome – very rare genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance associated with severe, early-onset hypertension with decreased plasma levels of potassium, renin, and aldosterone
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders (E00-E90).
- Bartter syndrome – very rare genetic metabolic disorder with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive inheritance; defect of tubular transport proteins; hyperaldosteronism (disease states associated with increased secretion of aldosterone), hypokalemia (potassium deficiency), and hypotension (low blood pressure).
- Endocrine disorders – e.g., hyperaldosteronism; as a result, hypokalemia (potassium deficiency).
- Gitelman syndrome (GS; synonym: familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia) – genetic condition with autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis (metabolic alkalosis with potassium deficiency) with marked hypomagnesemia (magnesium deficiency) and low urinary calcium excretion.
- Hypercalcemia (excess calcium).
- Hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hyperfunction).
- Hypokalemia (potassium deficiency)
- Hypomagnesemia (magnesium deficiency)
- Milk-alkali syndrome (Burnett syndrome) – disease caused by an excess of alkalis such as milk and calcium carbonate; clinical picture: Nausea (nausea)/vomiting, vertigo (dizziness), and ataxia (gait disturbance); laboratory diagnosis: Alkalosis, with hypercalcemia (excess potassium) without increased excretion of calcium in the urine and without a drop in phosphate content in the blood; hypercalcemia leads to calcinosis( calcium salt deposits) of the conjunctiva, the cornea of the eyes (“band keratitis” of the palpebral fissure) and in the renal tubules with the risk of renal insufficiency (slowly progressive reduction of renal function).
- Cushing’s disease – disease in which too much ACTH is produced by the pituitary gland, resulting in increased stimulation of the adrenal cortex and, as a consequence, excessive cortisol production.
- Adrenal enzyme defects such as hydroxylase deficiency.
- Primary aldosteronism (overproduction of aldosterone) caused by a tumor or hyperplasia
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Renal artery stenosis – narrowing of the renal artery(s) leading to hypertension (high blood pressure).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Vomiting – loss of acid gastric juice.
- Edema – accumulation of water in the tissues
Medication
- Treatment with corticoids (losses of potassium).
- Diuretics – diuretic medications such as furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT).
- Penicillin, carbenicillin (antibiotics).
Other possible differential diagnoses
- Derivation of gastric juice
- Increased alkali intake
- Chewing tobacco
- Licorice
- Gastric lavage
- Black cohosh (medicinal plant)
