The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by migraine:
Respiratory system (J00-J99)
- Bronchial asthma
Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59)
- Glaucoma – heterogeneous group of eye diseases that, if untreated, result in a characteristic optic neuropathy (optic nerve disease).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Angina pectoris (“chest tightness”; sudden onset of pain in the region of the heart) or coronary revascularization (removal of an obstacle to passage in occluded blood vessels by surgery with creation of a bypass circuit); 1.73 times risk
- Apoplexy, ischemic (stroke due to deficiency of blood flow because of vascular occlusion)
- In migraine attacks with an aura (MA; approximately 30% of migraine patients); other risk factors include age <45 years, female gender, smoking, and oral contraception (“the pill”)
- Migraine patients regardless of aura: 1.62-fold risk.
- Perioperative stroke: 1.75-fold increased risk, with a 95 percent confidence interval of 1.39 to 2.21; that is, increase from 2.4 to 4.3 per 1,000 patients; for migraine with aura: 6.3 strokes per 1,000 patients; esp. risk increase for outpatient surgery: 4.02-fold
- New-onset migraine with aura (MA).
- Migrainous infarction, i.e., an acute MA attack leads directly to an ischemic infarction.
- Myocardial infarction (heart attack); 1.39-fold risk.
- Silent brain infarcts? – Study finds no clustering in migraine with aura (very rare!).
- Venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis of the legs and pelvis (DVT) and its most dangerous complication, pulmonary embolism (LE)).
- Atrial fibrillation (VHF) and atrial flutter.
Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Anxiety
- Dementia
- 2-fold increased risk: increased incidence for Alzheimer’s disease (24 vs. 10%), less for vascular dementia (dementia caused by blood vessels)
- According to a prospective cohort study, there is no association between migraine and dementia (without migraine dementia prevalence 18.5% (1821/9955) vs. 16.7% (233/1397) in migraine patients
- Depression
- Parkinson’s disease
- Restless Legs Syndrome
- Social isolation
Pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium (O00-O99)
- Birth by sectio (cesarean section) (20%).
- Hypertensive pregnancy disease (including blood pressure during pregnancy) (50% more common).
- Infantile complications of women with migraine:
- Low birth weight by 20%
- Birth before 37th week of gestation by 21
- Birth before the 32nd SSW by 35 %.
- Hospitalization of the child in the first month of life by 11%.
- Respiratory distress syndrome by 20% febrile convulsions by 27
- Preeclampsia or eclampsia (tonic-clonic seizures occurring in the context of pregnancy) (42%)