Products
Monensin has been approved in the EU since 2013 as a continuous-release intraruminal system for cattle (Kexxtone). Other preparations are available in the United States that are also intended for other livestock (Rumensin).
Structure and properties
Monensin (C36H62O11, Mr = 670.9 g/mol) is a natural fermentation product obtained from. It was discovered in 1967.
Effects
Monensin (ATCvet QA16QA06) has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties and is predominantly active against Gram-positive pathogens. The effects are due to disruption of electrolyte balance at bacterial cell membranes. Monensin complexes monovalent cations such as sodium, potassium, lithium and cesium and transports them across cell membranes. It alters the bacterial flora in the rumen so that fewer ketone bodies are produced. Monensin acts locally and hardly enters the blood because of its high first-pass metabolism.
Indications
- To decrease the incidence of ketosis (accumulation of ketone bodies) in dairy cows or heifers in the peripartum period that are expected to develop ketosis.
- In the U.S., Monensin is approved for other uses, including treatment of coccidiosis and promotion of milk production and weight gain.
