Respiratory System (J00-J99).
- Bronchial asthma
- Bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchi.
- Pleurisy (inflammation of the pleura)
- Pneumonia (pneumonia)
- Pneumothorax – collapse of the lung caused by an accumulation of air between the visceral pleura (lung pleura) and the parietal pleura (chest pleura).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Angina pectoris (synonym: stenocardia, German: Brustenge) – seizure-like tightness in the chest (sudden pain in the area of the heart caused by a circulatory disorder of the heart). Most often, this circulatory disorder is due to stenosis (narrowing) of the coronary vessels (coronary arteries).
- Aortic aneurysm, symptomatic – circumscribed aortic dilatation due to congenital or acquired weakening of the arterial wall, which is accompanied by discomfort.
- Aortic dissection (synonym: aneurysm dissecans aortae) – acute splitting (dissection) of the wall layers of the aorta (main artery), with a tear of the inner layer of the vessel wall (intima) and hemorrhage between the intima and the muscular layer of the vessel wall (outer media), in the sense of aneurysm dissecans (pathological expansion of the artery); symptoms: Acute onset of crushing pain with radiation to the back; often misinterpreted as myocardial infarction in the presence of severe thoracic pain(chest pain); incidence (frequency of new cases): 4.6 cases per 100. 000 inhabitants
- Aortic valve stenosis – obstruction (narrowing) of the outflow tract of the left ventricle.
- Angina pectoris (stenocardia; chest tightness).
- Angina decubitus – angina pectoris, which occurs at night from sleep, is triggered by lying flat in bed. The strictly horizontal position increases the backflow volume of blood!
- Apoplexy (stroke)
- Heart failure (cardiac insufficiency), acute
- Hypertensive emergency/crisis – blood pressure derailment with values > 200 mmHg.
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – myocardial insufficiency with enlargement of the heart and a tendency to severe arrhythmias, especially during exercise.
- Unstable angina pectoris (UA; English unstable angina) – one speaks of an unstable angina pectoris, if the complaints have increased in intensity or duration compared to the previous angina pectoris attacks.
- Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease).
- Coronary spasm (coronary artery spasm).
- Pulmonary embolism – occlusion of one or more pulmonary vessels by a thrombus (blood clot);symptoms: chest pain associated with dyspnea (shortness of breath) and tachycardia (heartbeat too fast: > 100 beats per minute).
- Myocardial ischemia due to mental stress (esp. women).
- Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle).
- Pericardial effusion – accumulation of fluid in the pericardium.
- Pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium)
- Prinzmetal angina – special form of angina pectoris (chest pain) with temporary ischemia (circulatory disorder) of the myocardium (heart muscle) triggered by a spasm (spasm) of one or more coronaries (coronary arteries) (symptoms: pain duration: seconds to minutes; load-independent, especially in the early morning hours); as the worst consequence of ischemia, a myocardial infarction (heart attack) can be caused
- Pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary hypertension).
- Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) – rupture in the vessel wall of a coronary vessel (coronary artery); usually affects younger patients (< 50 years) without classic cardiovascular risk factors; clinical symptoms: manifestation with STEMI (synonyms: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction), NSTEMI (synonyms: Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction), ventricular arrhythmia (arrhythmia originating in one ventricle), or sudden cardiac death (PHT); 0.1-0.4% of all acute coronary syndromes.
- Stress cardiomyopathy (synonyms: Broken heart syndrome, Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy), Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), Tako-Tsubo syndrome (Takotsubo syndrome, TTS), transient left ventricular apical ballooning) – primary cardiomyopathy (myocardial disease) characterized by short-term impairment of myocardial (heart muscle) function in the presence of overall unremarkable coronary arteries; clinical symptoms: Symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) with acute chest pain (chest pain), typical ECG changes, and increase in myocardial markers in the blood; in approx. 1-2% of patients with a suspected diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome are found to have TTC on cardiac catheterization instead of a presumed diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD); nearly 90% of patients affected by TTC are postmenopausal women; Increased mortality (death rate) in younger patients, especially men, largely due to increased rates of cerebral hemorrhage (brain bleeding) and epileptic seizures; possible triggers include stress, anxiety, heavy physical work, asthma attack, or gastroscopy (gastroscopy); risk factors for sudden cardiac death in TTC include: Male gender, younger age, prolonged QTc interval, apical TTS type, and acute neurological disorders; long-term incidence for apoplexy (stroke) after five years was significantly higher in patients with Takotsubo syndrome, 6.5%, than in patients with myocardial infarction (heart attack), 3.2
- Tachyarrhythmias – combination of too fast heart action (tachycardia) and a cardiac arrhythmia (arrhythmia).
- X syndrome – simultaneous presence of exercise-induced angina, a normal exercise ECG, and angiographically normal coronary arteries (arteries that surround the heart in a wreath shape and supply blood to the heart muscle)
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Herpes zoster (shingles)
Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Cholelithiasis (gallstones) → gallstone colic.
- Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder)
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Gastritis
- Gastroesophageal reflux – reflux of gastric juice into the esophagus resulting in esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus)
- Gastric ulcer (stomach ulcer)
- Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus)
- Esophageal rupture (rupture of the esophagus).
- Esophageal motility disorders – disorder of the movement of the esophagus.
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Functional thoracic pain
- Cervical spine syndrome
- Kawasaki syndrome – acute, febrile, systemic illness characterized by necrotizing vasculitis (vascular inflammation) of the small and medium-sized arteries
- Muscular overexertion
- Musculoskeletal diseases – inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
- Myositis – inflammation of the musculature.
- Tietze syndrome (synonyms: chondroosteopathia costalis, costochondritis, Tietze’s disease) – rare idiopathic chondropathy of the costal cartilages at the base of the sternum (painful sternal attachments of the 2nd and 3rd ribs) associated with pain and swelling in the anterior thoracic (chest) region.
- Thoracic wall syndrome – pain in the chest caused by muscular and skeletal changes.
- Cervical disc lesions – disc damage in the cervical spine.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Bronchial carcinoma (lung cancer)
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Anxiety disorders
- Cocaine abuse
- Mental illnesses such as anxiety disorders with panic attacks
Injuries, poisonings and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Chest trauma
- Cardiac trauma
- Foreign body aspiration – inhalation of foreign bodies.
* Frequent differential diagnoses of acute chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
